Contents Fixed field Access points 0xx 1xx 2xx 3xx 4xx 5xx 6xx 7xx 8xx 9xx Control subfields

046 Special Coded Dates (R)

Record Type
BIB
Input Standards
Field (Full/Minimal)
Required if applicable/Optional
1st Indicator Type of entity
	No information provided
1	Work
2	Expression
3	Manifestation
2nd Indicator Undefined
	Undefined
Subfields (R=Repeatable NR=Nonrepeatable)		Input Standards (Full/Minimal)
ǂa	Type of date code (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂb	Date 1, B.C.E. date (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂc	Date 1, C.E. date (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂd	Date 2, B.C.E. date (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂe	Date 2, C.E. date (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂj	Date resource modified (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂk	Beginning or single date created (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂl	Ending date created (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂm	Beginning of date valid (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂn	End of date valid (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂo	Single or starting date for aggregated content (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂp	Ending date for aggregated content (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂx	Nonpublic note (R)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂz	Public note (R)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂ2	Source of date (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂ3	Materials specified (NR)	Required if applicable/Required if applicable
ǂ6	Linkage (NR)	System supplied/System supplied
ǂ8	Field link and sequence number (R)	Optional/Optional

Definition

Date of item information that either cannot be recorded in DtSt and Dates because such information involves one or more Before Common Era (B.C.E.) dates, incorrect dates, dates when resources have been modified or created, and date spans when resources are valid, or is recorded here in addition to appearing in DtSt or Dates.

Guidelines

Guidelines on how to record a date in subfields ǂb, ǂc, ǂd, ǂe, ǂo, and ǂp are generally the same as those specified under DtSt and Dates, except that dates shorter than 4 digits are recorded without leading zeros.

B.C.E. dates and incorrect dates may be recorded only in field 046. If you use field 046 for B.C.E. dates, enter code b in DtSt and blanks in Dates. If you use field 046 for incorrect dates, enter a code appropriate to the corrected dates in DtSt and enter the corrected dates in Dates.

Precedence of codes (monographic items) When more than one code applies to the date(s) related to a bibliographic item, use the lists below to determine the appropriate code to use. In each list, codes listed first take precedence over codes listed subsequently. The first list covers single part items and multipart items completed in one year. The second list covers multipart items for which a span of dates is required.

Single part/multipart items complete in one year

r	Reissue and original date
s	Single date
p	Distribution and production dates
t	Publication and copyright dates
x	Incorrect dates
q	Questionable date
n	Unknown date

Collections/multipart items complete in more than one year

i	Inclusive dates
k	Bulk dates
r	Reissue and original date
m	Multiple dates
t	Publication and copyright dates
x	Incorrect dates
n	Unknown date

1st Indicator

Type of entity. Type of entity for which a date is recorded.

No information provided

1

Work. Date related to the work.

046	1		ǂk 1874 ǂ2 edtf
[Work created in 1874]

2

Expression. Date related to the expression.

046	1	ǂo 1975 ǂp 2006 ǂ2 edtf
046	2	ǂo 2014 ǂ2 edtf
[Compilation of works created from 1975 to 2006 and translated in 2014]

3

Manifestation. Date related to the manifestation.

2nd Indicator

Undefined. The 2nd indicator position is undefined and contains a blank.

	Undefined

Subfields

ǂa Type of date code

The type of date code related to the dates given in field 046. See DtSt for code definitions and guidelines. Use code x only in field 046.

046

k ǂb 1000 ǂd 500

046

q ǂb 250 ǂe 100

046

x ǂc 1693

ǂb Date 1, B.C.E. date

The B.C.E. (Before Common Era) date for Date 1.

DtSt:	b
Dates:	,
046	q ǂb 300 ǂd 201
[The item dates from sometime in the 3rd century B.C.E.]

ǂc Date 1, C.E. date

The C.E. (Common Era) date for Date 1. In the case of an incorrect Date 1, the incorrect date is recorded in field 046 while the corrected date is recorded in Dates.

DtSt:	s
Dates:	1730,
046	x ǂc 1703
[The item incorrectly lists the publication date as 1703 instead of 1730]

ǂd Date 2, B.C.E. date

The B.C.E. (Before Common Era) date for Date 2.

DtSt:	b
Dates:	,
046	r ǂc 1936 ǂd 210
[The item is a 1936 replica of an item dating from 210 B.C.E.]

ǂe Date 2, C.E. date

The C.E. (Common Era) date for Date 2. In the case of an incorrect Date 2, the incorrect date is recorded in field 046 while the corrected date is recorded in Dates.

DtSt:	m
Dates:	1990,1993
046	x ǂe 1939
[The item incorrectly lists the publication dates as 1990-1939 instead of 1990-1993]

ǂj Date resource modified

The date on which a resource has been modified. Dates in subfield ǂj usually relate to Web pages and other electronic media that routinely record the date of the last update. Record the date and time according to ISO 8601, Representation of Dates and Times unless another date scheme is specified in subfield ǂ2. The date requires up to 8 numeric characters in the pattern yyyymmdd (4 digits for the year, 2 digits for the month, and 2 digits for the day). If applicable, the time requires up to 8 numeric characters in the pattern hhmmss.f (2 digits for the hour, 2 digits for the minute, 2 digits for the second, and 1 digit for a decimal fraction of the second preceded by the decimal point). The 24-hour clock (00-23) is used.

DtSt:			c
Dates:			199u,9999
046			ǂj 20130618
245	0	0	Modern Language Association
856	4	0	ǂu http://www.mla.org/
[A Web page last modified June 18, 2013]

ǂk Beginning or single date created

The date or beginning of the date range on which a resource has been created when it is not more appropriately recorded in another field. Do not record dates in subfield ǂk elsewhere. The structure of the date is recorded as specified in subfield ǂj.

DtSt:			s
Dates:			1998,
046			ǂk 19981022
245	0	0	MARC 21, harmonized USMARC and CAN/MARC
856	4	0	ǂu http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/annmarc21.html
[A Web page created on October 22, 1998]

ǂl Ending date created

The ending date of a date range on which a resource has been created. The structure of the date is recorded as specified in subfield ǂj.

DtSt:			t
Dates:			2013,1998
046			ǂk 1850 ǂl 1854
245	1	2	L'enfance du Christ : ǂb trilogie sacrée, op. 25 (H 130) ...
[A score published in 2013 with 1998 copyright date for music composed 1850-1854]

ǂm Beginning of date valid

The beginning of a date span for the validity of a resource. The structure of the date is recorded as specified in subfield ǂj.

DtSt:			s
Dates:			2014,
046			ǂm 20140914
245	0	0	Chestnut Hill East line
[A train schedule published in 2014 effective beginning September 14, 2014]

ǂn End of date valid

The ending of the date span for the validity of a resource. The structure of the date is recorded as specified in subfield ǂj.

DtSt:			s
Dates:			2000,
046			ǂm 20010101 ǂn 20011231
245	0	0	Bonus Korea 2001
500			"Valid Jan. 1 through Dec. 31, 2001"--Cover
[A travel guide published in 2000 valid for January 1 through December 31, 2001]

ǂo Single or starting date for aggregated content

Single or starting date of original release of the contents of a collection/aggregation.

DtSt:			t
Dates:			2014,2014
046			ǂo 1979 ǂp 2010
245	1	0	Shadows of the void ...
[A collection of poems published in 2014 originally written 1979-2010]

ǂp Ending date for aggregated content

Ending date of original release of the contents of a collection/aggregation.

DtSt:			p
Dates:			1993,1932
046			ǂo 1932 ǂp 1936
245	0	0	Mae West collection
[A videodisc collection of films issued in 1993 originally released 1932-1936]

ǂx Nonpublic note

Note relating to the date(s) recorded in the field. The note is written in a form that is not adequate or intended for public display.

ǂz Public note

Note relating to the date(s) recorded in the field. The note is written in a form that is adequate or intended for public display. It is not intended to substitute for system programming that correctly parses the date information itself for display purposes.

046

2

ǂk 1951 ǂz Translation date ǂ2 edtf

046

1

ǂk 2008 ǂz Creation date ǂ2 edtf

046

1

ǂk 2015 ǂz Release date ǂ2 edtf

ǂ2 Source of date

For information about subfield ǂ2, see Control Subfields.

046

ǂj 2001-07-12 ǂ2 w3cdtf

ǂ3 Materials specified

For information about subfield ǂ3, see Control Subfields.

046	1		ǂ3 Fear in the night ǂo 1947 ǂ2 edtf
046	1		ǂ3 D.O.A. ǂo 1949 ǂ2 edtf
046	1		ǂ3 The hitch-hiker ǂo 1953 ǂ2 edtf
245	0	0	Film noir triple DVD feature.

ǂ6 Linkage

Data that link fields when non-Latin script is entered. This subfield is system supplied and does not appear in OCLC online displays. Do not manually add subfield ǂ6. For more information about subfield ǂ6, see Control Subfields.

ǂ8 Field link and sequence number

For information about subfield ǂ8, see Control Subfields.

Indexing

For indexing and searching information, see Searching WorldCat Indexes, field 046.

MARC 21

For more information, including content designator history, see MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, field 046.

This page last revised: September 23, 2021

0xx Fields