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Searching WorldCat Indexes

Scope

Purpose

This guide provides comprehensive information about indexes used to retrieve records from WorldCat. OCLC services, including cataloging, reference, and resource sharing, use the same search indexes. Interfaces for searching WorldCat include:

  • OCLC Connexion® client and browser (cataloging)
  • OCLC CatExpress® in Connexion browser (copy cataloging)
  • OCLC FirstSearch® (reference)
  • OCLC WorldCat Resource Sharing (interlibrary loan)

This guide shows MARC fields and subfields indexed for each WorldCat index, gives examples, and provides information about how each index works to help construct searches that retrieve the records you need.

Please note: Connexion and FirstSearch support the following non-Latin/non-roman scripts: Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Tamil and Thai. Many WorldCat indexes support both Latin script and non-Latin script search terms. In "WorldCat index descriptions," each description notes whether that index supports non-Latin script search terms.

Who should use this guide?

This guide is for library staff who use the OCLC interfaces listed above to search WorldCat.

It is not meant for end-user patrons of libraries who have public access to WorldCat through FirstSearch or Resource Sharing.

Neither is this guide for users of OCLC Z39.50 access to cataloging and to FirstSearch. Those who use Z39.50 configure their own search indexes when they configure their individual local Z39.50 client. See information at:

Interface-specific instructions for WorldCat searching

This guide does not give instructions on how to use specific interfaces for searching. For interface-specific search procedures, consult the following documention:

OCLC Interface/Description Documentation on searching WorldCat
Connexion
(browser and client)		 Connexion: Searching WorldCat Quick Reference

Also available in print; order at no charge.

Connexion client
(Windows-based software for cataloging)		 Client Help, "Search WorldCat"
Cataloging, Search WorldCat
Connexion browser
(Web browser for cataloging)		 Browser Help, "Find Bibliographic Records"
Cataloging, Find Bibliographic Records
CatExpress
(copy cataloging via Express tab within the Connexion browser)		 CatExpress Help in Connexion browser, "Use CatExpress"
CatExpress Quick Reference
And
Cataloging Express User Guide, "Search and Catalog"
FirstSearch and WorldCat Resource Sharing
(Web browser interface for reference and resource sharing within WorldCat and numerous other databases)		 FirstSearch Help "Search" and "Results"
Using OCLC FirstSearch [Quick Reference]

Also available in print; order at no charge.

Levels of searching and examples in this guide

To give flexibility in search strategy and control over the results, OCLC search interfaces provide various levels of searching, from simplified to complex.

The most complex search level requires knowledge of full search syntax–all parts of a search in correct order and format, including index labels and punctuation, search terms, Boolean operators, and qualifiers.

Examples of complex search levels: An "expert" search in FirstSearch or a "command line" search in Connexion.

Interfaces also provide less complex levels of searching where you use text boxes and drop-down lists to enter or select the parts of the search. The interface automatically formulates the correct search syntax when you send the search to the OCLC system.

Examples of less complex search levels: A "basic" search in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing or CatExpress or a "guided" search in Connexion.

Note: Not all indexes are listed in drop-down lists in searching interfaces. If an index is not a selection in a drop-down list:

  • In Connexion, you must enter a full syntax "command line" search that includes the index label, punctuation, and search term for the index.
  • In FirstSearch and WorldCat Resource Sharing, you can enter a search term preceded by the index label and punctuation in any search box; the index you type overrides the index selected in the drop-down list adjacent to the search box.

Examples of searches in this guide are given in full search syntax (most complex format). From full syntax examples, you can extrapolate the parts of a search you would enter or select in boxes and lists to construct a basic or guided form of the search.

Caution. Although constructed as "real" WorldCat searches that produce actual results, the examples in this guide can only illustrate the principles of searching. Over time, results of running a search example may change. Because of the dynamic nature of WorldCat, search examples used here may no longer retrieve records or may retrieve too many records.

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WorldCat index descriptions

Index tables

Each WorldCat index is described in alphabetical order in a separate table in this section. Some indexes include word, phrase (complete subfield), or whole phrase (complete field) versions, or a combination of these. See "Types of searches" for a detailed explanation of word, phrase, and whole phrase indexing.

Note: Most whole phrase indexes are available only in Connexion. The only whole phrase index available in FirstSearch and Resource Sharing is the Subject heading index (use index label sa=).

For various views of the scope of WorldCat indexing, see also "List of fields and subfields indexed in tag order" and "Search index check lists."

Each index description in this section has the following information:

Column Information shown
Search by Type of data to enter in a search of the index, including:
  • Word, phrase (complete subfield), or whole phrase (complete field).
  • Number or number phrase.
  • Derived segments of words.
  • Specific codes or symbols.

See "Types of searches" for more information.

Label The index labels and punctuation.
Fields and subfields indexed Fields and subfields the system searches to match the search term.
Guidelines and examples
  • Notes the indexes you can browse as well as search
  • Notes the indexes that support non-Latin script search terms
  • Gives any special guidelines specific to the index.
  • Provides search examples shown in full search syntax.
  • Notes indexes that have additional fields/subfields to cover bibliographic institution records (IRs), with a URL to a list of the IR fields/subfields added.

Notes:

  • Asterisks next to index names. Asterisks indicate qualifier indexes used mainly to limit search terms.
  • LC acronym. LC = Library of Congress throughout. The OCLC symbol for LC is DLC.

Non-Latin/non-roman scripts in searches

The Connexion client and FirstSearch interfaces support non-Latin script search terms. The many WorldCat indexes that support both Latin script and non-Latin script searching are noted in the individual descriptions. The following scripts are supported: Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Tamil and Thai.

Qualifier indexes

In Connexion only, some values and codes for qualifying searches can be entered by simply preceding with a slash instead of an index label and colon (:) or equal sign (=). Slash qualifiers are available in FirstSearch WorldCat or WorldCat Resource Sharing for derived searches only.

Keyword search examples in this section that include qualifiers are shown with index labels only, so that they illustrate WorldCat searching in all interfaces.

See "Combine, qualify, expand searches" for details and examples of using slash qualifiers in Connexion.

Indexing for bibliographic institution records (IRs)

About IRs. Institution records are contributed by individual libraries whose authorizations include IRs. They are intended to preserve local library notes, locations, and other data which may be of general interest. They are attached to WorldCat master records.

Indexing for IRs. Additional fields/subfields have been added to existing WorldCat indexes that retrieve master records with attached IRs based on unique data in the IRs.

Three new indexes cover IRs only:

  • General call number (nu: or nu=)
  • IR control number (ir:)
  • System control number (sy:)

IR fields and subfields indexed. The new IR-specific indexes and additional fields/subfields for IRs are not described or included in this document. See IR indexing details.

Retrieving IRs in Connexion. You must set an option to include IR indexes in WorldCat searches (for example, in Connexion client, click Cataloging > Search > WorldCat and then click Settings). WorldCat search results include only the master records to which IRs are attached. You can display attached IR(s) from a master record.

When the IR index option is set, your search includes the fields and subfields of both master records and attached IRs for the index you specify. However, the search retrieves only worldcat master records with data that matches the search and any master records that have IRs with unique data that matches the search. You cannot retrieve IRs directly from a WorldCat search, but you can display them from a master record. To view IRs attached to retrieved master records in Connexion client:

  With a WorldCat record displayed that has IRs attached, click Cataloging > Show and then click one of the following:
  • All Institution Records
  • My Institution Records
  • Institution Records for [enter the OCLC symbol for a library whose IRs you want to view]

If you are authorized to work with IRs, you can create and add, edit and replace, or delete your own institution records only. However, anyone can copy and paste, export, or print IRs. Also, anyone can view IRs attached to retrieved master records without setting the option to include IR indexes in WorldCat searches.

Retrieving IRs in FirstSearch. You can retrieve and view IRs only if your authorization has been set for IRs using the FirstSearch administration module. To view IRs:

  When you have the IR search option selected in your FirstSearch module, WorldCat records that have attached IRs display a More Records label with a Show record information link. Click the link to see attached IRs.

Comprehensive information on IRs:

Access method
(am: or am=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Word am:

031 u
505 u
506 u
508 u
511 u
514 u
520 u
530 u
538 u
540 u
545 u
552 u
555 u
563 u
583 u
852 u (IRs only)
856 u
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • http and https are the only stopwords.
  • Punctuation is treated as spaces.
  • Field 852 subfield u is included for indexing institution records (IRs) only.

Example:
am:human and yr:1999

Phrase am=
  • Available for searching and browsing in Connexion only.
  • Field 852 subfield u is included for indexing institution records (IRs) only.
  • Include these characters:
    . @ ? % = _ , \ ` ~ ^ |
  • Include spacing characters: ~ ^ _
  • The index:
    • Ignores leading http:// or https://
    • Keeps other leading text (for example, ftp// or gopher//. Omit the colon. Enter with the slashes or substitute a space.

Examples:
am=ftp zonnetje.swidoc.nl
Or
am=ftp//zonnetje.swidoc.nl

Access restrictions
(rs: or rs=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Word rs:

506 a f
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Subfield a can contain a full description of access restrictions in free text.
  • Subfield f can contain phrases from a controlled vocabulary established in Standardized Terminology for Access Restriction, whether or not access restrictions exist. See www.oclc.org/digitalregistry/506F_vocabulary.pdf for more information.

Examples:
rs:unrestricted
rs=unrestricted online access
Phrase rs=

Action note (io:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Word io: 583 a c h i l 2 3 5
  • Available for searching and browsing.

Example: io:digitized/1965


Authentication code (ac=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Phrase ac= 042 a

  • Available only for searching.

  • To limit a search by authentication code, enter ac=[code] To exclude records by authentication code, enter not ac=[code].


Example: ac=dlr or not ac=dlr


BC year (bc:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Number bc: 046 b d
  • Available only for searching.
  • Enter the year only, even if less than 4 digits long (do not pad with zeroes).

Example:

su:babylonia and bc:500


Canadian class number (ca:)

Library and Archives Canada (symbol NLC)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number ca: 055 a
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Enter all numbers and letters.
  • Include periods.
  • Omit all other punctuation.
  • Omit spaces.

Example:

ca:s592.6c35


Canadian subject (he: or he= or hew=)

Library and Archives Canada (symbol NLC)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word he: The following 6xx fields with indicator 2 = 5:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • Indexes both master records and institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

he:explorers

hew=childrens writings canadian

Phrase he=
Whole phrase hew=

Cataloging source* (cs=)

*Qualifer index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
OCLC institution symbol cs= 040 a c

For institution records:
Symbols in the Admin field
  • Available only for searching.
  • Use a single OCLC institution symbol per search.
  • Use to limit searches.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example:
cs=ocl

Note on Library of Congress records: To retrieve records contributed by the Library of Congress or by specific LC cooperative programs, use Cooperative programs index (dl:) with value y (dl:y).


Character sets present (vp:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Character set symbol vp: Records are retrieved based on the following data:

066 c (3
(Arabic basic script)

066 c (4
(Arabic extended script)
006 c Beng
(Bengali script)

066 c $1
(Chinese, Japanese, Korean scripts)

066 c (N (Cyrillic basic script)

066 c (Q
(Cyrillic extended script)
066 c Deva(Devanagari)

066 c (S
(Greek)

066 c (2
(Hebrew script)

066 c Taml
(Tamil script)

066 c Thai
(Thai script)
  • Available only for searching.
  • Non-Latin scripts in records can be viewed in the Connexion client and FirstSearch intefaces.
  • Enter a symbol for a character set. Those currently supported are:
    • vp:ara (Arabic)
    • vp:ben (Bengali)
    • vp:cjk (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean)
    • vp:cyr (Cyrillic)
    • vp:dev (Devanagari)
    • vp:gre (Greek)
    • vp:hbr (Hebrew)
    • vp:tam (Tamil)
    • vp:tha (Thai)

Example:

To view Cyrillic records for items published in 1985

Type vp:cyr and yr:1985


Collection level (oc:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Word oc: 773 w
  • Available only for searching in Connexion only.
  • Use to search for related records, such as a series record related to chapter or article records or vice versa.
  • Not available in drop-down index lists.

Example: oc:ocolc3018134
Finds all articles or analytics for a parent record with OCLC number 3018134 and title Pioneers of the Bluestem prairie


Cooperative programs* (dl:)

*Qualifier index

Also called the "DLC restrictor" or "Source" index.

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Code or value for Library of Congress/specific LC cooperative programs as cataloging source dl: Records are retrieved if they contain the data below

008 Srce c
040 c DLC
040 a DLC
040 a DLC/other data
040 a Other data/DLC
042 a lcderive
042 a lccopycat
042 a lccopycat-nm
042 a lcode
042 a pcc
042 a lcnccp
042 a premarc
042 a lcac
042 a lc
042 a lcd
042 a msc
042 a nsdp
042 a nst
  • Available only for searching.
  • Use to limit searches to records produced by the Library of Congress (LC) or LC cooperative programs.
  • May enter either as slash qualifier: /dlc
    Or
    With index label and value y: dl:y
  • y is the only valid value.
  • If selecting a value from a list, select DLC.

Note: To retrieve records contributed by a specific library, use Cataloging Source phrase index (cs=) (see description above) and an OCLC-assigned institution symbol.


Corporate/Conference name (cn: or cn= or cnw=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word cn: 110 a-e n u
111 a c d e n q u
710 a-e n
711 a c d e n q
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.

Example:
cn:caedmon

Phrase cn= 110 a-d n
111 a c d e n q
710 a-d n
711 a c d e n q
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches.
  • Do not include commas

Examples:
cn=caedmon records
cn=herdman hills & mangsen (finds Herdman, Hills & Mangsen)

For word and phrase indexes (cn: and cn=): This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.
Whole phrase cnw= 110 a-d n
111 a c d e n q
710 a-d n (d n are included only if they occur left of first subfield t or k)
711 a c d e n q (n is included only if it occurs left of first subfield t or k)
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches.
  • Do not include commas.

Example:
cnw=general motors cancer research foundation


Corporate/Conference subject (nc: or nc= or ncw=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word nc: 610 a-c d n p
611 a c d e n p q
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example:

ncw=orthodox eastern church/rec

Phrase nc=
Whole phrase ncw=

Country of publication (cp: or cp=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Country code or name cp: 008 15-17
044 a c
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Enter MARC code or name:
  • Use mainly to limit searches.
Phrase cp=

Derived:
Corporate/Conference name (cd:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Derived parts of a corporate/conference name separated by commas in the following pattern:

4,3,1

 cd: 110 a b
111 a n
710 a b
711 a n
  • Available only for searching.
  • Enter with index label or precede by equal sign (=).
  • Stopwords apply to this index (see list in "Types of searches").
  • Using index label is optional if derived search is first or only element of full syntax search.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example: To search for Harvard University
Type cd:harv,uni, or =harv,uni,


Derived: Name/Title (nd:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Derived part of a name and title separated by commas in the following pattern:

4,4

 nd: 100 a with 240 a

100 a with 243 a
100 a with 245 a k
100 a with 246 a
100 a with 740 a
110 a b with 240 a
110 a b with 243 a
110 a b with 245 a k
110 a b with 246 a
110 a b with 740 a
111 a n with 240 a
111 a n with 243 a
111 a n with 245 a k
111 a n with 246 a
111 a n with 740 a
130 a with 240 a
130 a with 243 a
130 a with 245 a k
130 a with 246 a
130 a with 740 a
700 a with 245 a k
710 a b with 245 a k
711 a n with 245 a k
730 a with 245 a k
  • Available only for searching.
  • Stopwords apply to name portion only (see stopword list in "Types of searches").
  • Exclude initial characters from title portion, based on non-filing indicator.
  • Use maximum number of characters for each segment. For example, 4,3 derived name/title search is assumed to have three-character word as second segment.
  • Using index label is optional if derived search is first or only element of full syntax search.
  • See guidelines for derived searches in "Types of searches."
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example:

To search for author Williams, Heathcote and title The local stagmatic (non-filing indicator 2 = 4)

Type nd:will,loca or will,loca


Derived: Personal name (pd:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Derived parts of a personal name separated by commas in the following pattern:

4,3,1

 pd: 100 a b c j
700 a b c j
  • Available only for searching.
  • No stopwords apply to this index.
  • Use first four characters of surname, first three characters of forename, and optionally, first character of middle name. Surname includes all words that appear before the first comma.
    • Compound surnames: Treat all parts of a name up to first comma as first element search.
    • Forename only: If comma is last element of subfield, treat each part of a name as separate segments.

      Note: See examples.

  • Using index label is optional if derived search is first or only element of full syntax search.
  • See guidelines for derived searches in "Types of searches."
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information..

Examples:

To search for Everett, Lucretia Orne Peabody

Type pd:ever,luc,o or ever,luc,o

To search for Van Buren, Martin

Type pd:vanb,mar, or vanb,mar,

To search for White Bull
Type pd:whit,bul,

To search for Philip II, King of Spain

Type pd:phil,ii,k


Derived: Title (td:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Derived parts of a title separated by commas in the following pattern:

3,2,2,1

 td: 130 a n p
222 a b
240 a b n
243 a n p
245 a f k n p
246 a n p
247 a n p
440 a n p
730 a n p
740 a n p
780 t
785 t
830 a n p
  • Available only for searching.
  • Use maximum number of characters for each segment. For example, 3,1,2,1 derived title search is assumed to have single-character word as second segment.
  • No stopwords for this index.
  • Using index label is optional if derived search is first or only element of full syntax search.
  • See guidelines for derived searches in "Types of searches."
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

To search for The adventures of huckleberry finn (non-filing indicator 2 = 4)

Type td:adv,of,hu,f or adv,of,hu,f

To search for title Jazziz on disc with April 2005 in subfield n
Type jaz,on,di,a


Descriptors (de: or de=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word de: 600 x
610 x
611 x
630 x
648 x
650 a b x
651 x
654 x
655 x
  • de: is available only for searching in Connexion; it is available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • de= is available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example:
de=history and criticism/2005/dlc

Phrase de=

Dewey Decimal class number (dd:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number dd: 082 a
092 a
699 a if indicator
2 = 1
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Include all letters and numbers.
  • Include the period.
  • Omit all other punctuation.
  • Omit spaces.
  • Searches retrieve records containing first set of numbers following the period (up to first prime), if present, including records that contain groups of numbers following first set.

Example:
dd:616.46 and dd:616.4692 both retrieve all records with Dewey number 616.4692 and 616.46/92


Dewey Decimal edition number (d2:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number d2: 082 2
092 2
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Use mainly to limit searches.

Example:

d2:22


Format/Document type (dt=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Format/Document Type code dt= Presence of both Leader/06 (Type) and
Leader/07 (BLvl)
  • Available for searching only.
  • Use with index label and punctuation.
  • This index determines groupings for search results, where record groups correspond to primary document type.
  • To limit results by a format/document type, enter and dt= followed by a format code.
    Examples:
    pn:twain, mark and dt=vis
  • To exclude a format/document type, enter not dt= followed by a format code.
    Examples:
    ti:buddenbrooks not dt=bks
    Codes are bks (books), cnr (continuing resources), com (computer files), map (maps), mix (mixed materials), rec (sound recordings), sco (scores), vis (visual materials)
  • These codes are also available in the material type indexes (mt: and mt=), to use as qualifiers. See description of material type indexes below.
  • This index is the only WorldCat index that does not cover institution records. It covers master records only.

Note: If you use a guided or advanced/expert search, selecting indexes and other parts of a search rather than typing a full syntax search:

  • In a Connexion guided search, select a format (or select Any) from the Format list to limit a search to that format.
  • In FirstSearch/Resource Sharing advanced or expert searches, select one or more check boxes under Limit search to to limit a search to the selected format(s).


Genre/Form (ge: or ge=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word ge: 600 v
610 v
611 v
630 v
648 v
650 v
651 v
654 v
655 a b v
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

ge:novel

ge=spanish literature

Phrase ge=

Geographic coverage (gc: or gc=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word gc: 043 a c
600 z
610 z
611 z
630 z
648 z
650 z
651 a z
654 z
655 z
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • In Connexion, available only as a command line (full syntax) search; unavailable in guided search index lists.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • For 043 a, the most local level provided is indexed.
  • For 043 c, ISO 3166 codes for geographic areas are indexed.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example:
gc:madrid

Phrase gc=

Government document number (gn:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number gn: 074 a
086 a z
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Enter all numbers and letters.
  • Omit punctuation.

Example:

To search for NAS 1.2:SP1/46

Type gn:nas12sp146


Holding library* (li:)

*Qualifier index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Holding library symbol li: Holdings information
  • Available only for searching.
  • Retrieves bibliographic records for titles held by a specified institution.
  • Follow index label and colon (:) with an OCLC institution symbol.
  • Include all letters, numbers, and special characters that are part of the symbol.
  • Use mainly to limit searches.
  • In Connexion, only the browser includes this index in the drop-down list for basic/guided searching. In the Connexion client, this index is not available in the drop-down list for guided searches. You must enter as part of a full syntax search in the command line.
  • FirstSearch/Resource Sharing advanced searching provides a box to enter a code. For FirstSearch/Resource Sharing expert searching, you must enter as part of full syntax search.

Example:

To find The Chicago Manual of Style held by the OCLC Information Center

Type: td:chi,ma,of,s and li:occ


Holding library group* (zu:)

*Qualifier index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Holding library group symbol zu: Holdings information
  • Available only for searching and only in Connexion.
  • Retrieves bibliographic records for titles held by any institution that belongs to a specified group.
  • Follow index label and colon (:) with an OCLC group symbol.
  • Include all letters, numbers, and special characters that are part of the symbol.
  • Use mainly to limit searches.
  • In Connexion, only the browser interface includes this index in the drop-down list for basic/guided searching. The index is not included in the client drop-down list for guided searches. You must enter as part of a full syntax search in the command line.

    Examples:
    To find Strunk and White's Elements of Style held by a group
    Type nd:stru,elem and zu:x@yz

Internet* (mt:)

*Qualifier index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Value url mt: 856 (Presence or absence of 856 field as the source of cataloged item)
  • Available only for searching.
  • Use to:
    • Limit a search to records for Internet resources.
      Enter mt:url
      Or
    • Exclude records for Internet resources.
      Enter not mt:url
  • See "Combine, qualify, expand searches" for more details.

Notes:

  • For Connexion guided searches, you select Any, Internet, or Non-Internet from the drop-down list.
  • In FirstSearch/Resource Sharing, if you select indexes and limits, select the Internet Resources check box under Limit type to.for items cataloged as a Web site. If you want to include items that are available on the Web, add and mt:url to the search string.

ISBN (bn: or bn=) (nb: or nb=)

ISBN = International Standard Book Number

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word Connexion:
bn:

FirstSearch WorldCat and WorldCat Resource Sharing:
nb:		 020 a z
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Using index label is optional if ISBN is the first or only element of full syntax search in Connexion command line or FirstSearch WorldCat/WorldCat Resource Sharing expert text box.
  • Omit hyphens if no index label.
  • Omit or enter hyphens with index label.

Example:

To search for 0-85109-130-x

Type 085109130x or bn:085109130x (Connexion)

Or
Type 085109130x or nb:085109130x
(FirstSearch WorldCat/WorldCat Resource Sharing expert text box)

Phrase Connexion:
bn=

FirstSearchWorldCat/WorldCat Resource Sharing:
nb=

ISSN (in: or in=) (ns: or ns=)

ISSN = International Standard Serial Number

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word Connexion: in:

FirstSearch WorldCat and WorldCat Resource Sharing:
ns:		 022 a y z
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Always include hyphens.

Example:

To search for 0018-165x
Type in:0018-165x (Connexion)
Type ns:0018-167x (FirstSearch WorldCat and WorldCat Resource Sharing)

Phrase Connexion: in=

FirstSearch WorldCat and WorldCat Resource Sharing:
ns=

Keyword (kw:)

System uses as default index if you omit an index label from a search.

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word kw: Same fields and subfields as the following indexes:
  • Name word index
  • Title word index
  • Subject word index
  • Notes word index
  • ISBN word index

In addition, indexes:
008 Date 1 Date 2
034 b c d e f g z
052 a b
255 a b c d e
506 a f

  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • For 052 a and b:
    • Subfield a is indexed separately.
    • Each subfield b combined with subfield a is indexed separately.
  • Indexes single word only, but you can combine more than one keyword search.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:
kw:space and yr:2000-4

kw:space and kw:aeronautics


Language* (la: or la=) (ln:)

*Qualifer index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
2- or 3-letter code or language name

la:
(Connexion)

ln:
(FirstSearch and Resource Sharing)

008/35-37

041 b d e f g

041 a if indicator 1 = 0

041 2 if indicator 2 = 7

Note: When you do a guided search in Connexion or FirstSearch/Resource Sharing and select a language from a drop-down list, the system uses this la: or ln: word index.

Examples:

la:eng or la:english (Connexion)

ln:eng or ln:english (FirstSearch and Resource Sharing)

2- or 3-letter code

la=
(Connexion)

ln=
(FirstSearch and Resource Sharing)

008/35-37

Retrieves records based only on 008 language code
  • Available only for searching.
  • Searchable only by code; see URL given above for location of code list.
  • Use to limit a search to records with one primary language (see more in "Combine, qualify, expand searches" below ).

Example:
la=apa (Connexion)
Or
ln=apa (FirstSearch/Resource Sharing)


Note: Code zxx is a valid language code in records for items that have no associated language (for example, scores or sound recordings with no sung or spoken text)

Language of cataloging description (ll:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word ll: 040 b
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • If no 040 b is present, the system assumes that the language of cataloging is English.
  • Searchable only by code; see a list at www.loc.gov/marc/languages under Name Sequence.

Example:
ll:dut

LC children's subject (hc: or hc= or hcw=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word hc: The following 6xx fields if indicator 2 = 1:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z
  • Connexion: hc: and hcw= are available for searching and browsing; hc= is available only for searching.
  • FirstSearch/Resource Sharing: hc: and hc= are available for searching and browsing (whole phrase index not available).
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:
hc:poetry and yr:1999
hc=juvenile poetry and yr:1990-
hcw=santa claus poetry

Phrase hc=
Whole phrase hcw=

LC class number (lc: or lc=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word lc:

050 a
055 a if indicator 2 = 0-5
090 a
699 a if indicator 2 = 0
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Enter all numbers and letters.
  • Include periods.
  • Omit all other punctuation.
  • Omit spaces.

Example:

lc:ps3515.e37 and yr:1999

Phrase lc=

LCCN (ln: or ln=) (nl: or nl=)

LCCN = Library of Congress control number

Search by ... Label Fields and subfiles indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number Connexion: ln:

FirstSearch WorldCat and WorldCat Resource Sharing:
nl:		 010 a b z
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; nl: is available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing
  • Enter with or without hyphen.
  • Include year portion (2 or 4 digits).
  • Use circumflex (^) to exclude LCCNs that have prefixes.

Connexion examples:
ln:32000014 or ln:32-14

ln:2002-580246 or ln:2002580246

ln:^92-5625 or ln:^925625

FirstSearch/Resource Sharing examples:
nl:32000014 or nl:32-14

nl:2002-580246 or nl:2002580246

nl:^92-5625 or nl:^925625

Number phrase Connexion only: ln=

LCSH (hl: or hl= or hlw=)

LCSH = Library of Congress subject headings

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word hl: The following 6xx fields if indicator 2 = 0:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:
hl:fractions and yr:1988

hlw=fractions study and teaching* and yr:2000-

Phrase hl=
Whole phrase hlw=

Local holdings (l7:, l2=, l3=, l4:, l5:, l6=, where l = lowercase "ell")

In the following table, LHR = local holdings record.

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Your holdings (word) l7:
(where l = lowercase "ell" throughout table)		 System checks for presence of your library's local holdings
  • yes is the only valid value.
  • Use to limit searches to bibliographic records for which your library has created LHRs.
  • Available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing only; not available in Connexion.

Example:

ti:libraries and l7:yes

State or province abbreviation or name (phrase) l2= System checks for presence of local holdings of libraries in specified state or province
  • Use postal abbreviation of state or province enclosed in quotation marks.
    Or
    Use state or province name.
  • Limits searches to bibliographic records for which libraries in specified state or province have created LHRs.
  • Available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing only; not available in Connexion.

Example:

ti:libraries and l2="or"
Or
ti:libraries and l2=oregon

City (phrase) l3= System checks for presence of local holdings of libraries in specified city
  • Use city name and postal abbreviation of state or province (with no punctuation) enclosed in quotation marks.
  • Limits searches to bibliographic records for which libraries in specified city have created LHRs.
  • Available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing only; not available in Connexion.

Example:

ti:libraries and l3="columbus oh"

OCLC institution symbol (word) l4: System checks for presence of local holdings by your library
  • Use your library's OCLC symbol.
  • Limits searches to bibliographic records for which your library has created LHRs.
  • Called My Local Holdings in the Connexion browser index list for guided searching.
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.

Example:

ti:libraries and l4:ocl

OCLC group symbol (word) l5: System checks for presence of local holdings of libraries within a specified, profiled group
  • Use OCLC group symbol.
  • Limits searches to bibliographic records for which members of profiled group have created LHRs.
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.

Example:

ti:libraries and l5:oglu

4-character local holdings symbol (phrase) l6= System checks for presence of local holdings of library with specified 4-character symbol
  • Use library's 4-character local holding symbol.
  • Limits searches to bibliographic records for which one holder of the 4-character symbol has created an LHR.
  • Same 4-character symbol may be used by more than one institution. If so, follow 4-character symbol with institution symbol.
  • Any 4-character symbol that includes percent sign (%) must be followed by institution symbol.
  • Available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing for searching and browsing; not available in Connexion.

Example:

ti:libraries and l6="oclc"
Or
ti:libraries and l6="oclc ocl"


See Find an OCLC Library to search for OCLC library symbols.

Material type* (mt: or mt=)

*Qualifier index

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
3-character code or name

See list of codes and names below, in alphabetic order by name.

 mt: Values in Type (Leader/06),
BLvl (Leader/07),
Field 007,
Field 008,
other fields

See "Format and material type values indexed," for a comprehensive list of values.
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Use to limit searches to a specific type of material.
  • Type a name or code exactly as given in the list, except not case sensitive.
  • See complete list of material type names and codes below.

Example:

To find The sound of music in CD audio

Type sou,of,mu, and mt:cda

Or

Type sou,of,mu, and mt=cd audio

Notes:
  • In example, preceding derived title search sou,of,mu, with index label (td:) is not required if it is first or only element of full syntax search.
  • See also Format/Document type index for limiting searches by broader types.
mt=
  • Available only for searching.
  • Allows you to search for material type names composed of more than one word.

Lists of material type codes and names

Enter the code or the corresponding name, as given in these lists, as the material type value in a search.

Universal material type codes (Includes Books (bks) and Mixed materials (mix))

Code/Name
arc Archival material
acp Article
bio Biography
brl Braille
cnp Conference publication
elc Electronic
fic Fiction
gpb Government publication (includes subsets below)
  igp International government publication
lgp Local government publication
ngp National government publication
sgp State or province government publication
juv Juvenile (includes subsets below)
  shs Adolescent
jau Juvenile (no specific age)
ejh Pre-adolescent
pre Preschool
pri Primary school
lpt Large print
mss Manuscript (includes text, music, and map manuscripts)
mic Microform (includes subsets below)
  mmc Master microform
mfc Microfiche
mfl Microfilm
mcd Micro-opaque
deg Thesis/dissertation
web Web access

Computer files (com) (Includes all subset codes in this table)

Code/Name
312 3.5 in. disc
514 5.25 in. disc
bdt Bibliographic data
cdc CD for computer (also included in CD and CDs)
cgm Computer game
cig Clipart images graphics
dct Document
fnt Font
imm Interactive multimedia
ndt Numeric data
oss Online system or service
pgm Program
snd Sound effect

Continuing resources (cnr) (Includes all subset codes in this table)

Code/Name
int Integrating resources (also called Continual updated resources in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing)
new Newspaper (also included in Serials)
per Periodical (also included in Serials)
ser Serials
mse Series (also included in Serials)
upd Updating database (also included in Integrating resources)
upl Updating loose-leaf (also included in Integrating resources)
upw Updating website (also included in Integrating resources)

Maps, cartographic materials (map) (Includes all subset codes in this table)

Code/Name
atl Atlas
cgl Celestial globe
egl Earth globe
gsc Geological section
glb Globe
mcm Manuscript map
mmp Model map
pgl Planetary globe
pcm Published map
rsi Remote-sensing image

Musical scores (sco) (Includes both subset codes in this table)

Code/Name
mmu Manuscript music
pmu Published music

Sound recordings (rec) (Includes all subset codes in this table)

Code/Name
msr Musical recordings
nsr Non-musical recording
Media types for sound recordings
45s 45 rpm
78s 78 rpm
cas Cassette
cda CD audio
dva DVD audio
lps LP
mp3 MP3
rll Roll
rtr Reel-to-reel tape
wxc Wax cylinder
wrr Wire recording

Visual materials (vis) (Includes all subset codes in this table)

Code/Name
ngr 2-D image (includes subsets below)
  rep Artwork reproduction
cht Chart
crd Flash card
grp Graphic
oar Original artwork
pht Photograph
pic Picture
tch Technical drawing
art 3-D object (includes subsets below)
  dio Diorama
gam Game
msi Microscope slide
mdl Model
toy Toy
Media types for visual materials:
bta Beta
dvv DVD video (also included in DVD and Videodisc)
pal PAL
scm SECAM
vhs VHS (also included in Videocassette)
Other visual material types
anm Animation
mot Film
flm Filmstrip
kit Kit
pan Partial animation
pgr Projected image
rbj Real object (realia)
sld Slide
trn Transparency
vid Videorecording

MeSH (hm: or hm= or hmw=)

MeSH = Medical subject headings

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word hm: The following 6xx fields if indicator 2 = 2:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

hm:diabetes and yr:2005 and mt:vis

hm=womens health and yr:2005

Phrase hm=
Whole phrase hmw=

Microform* (mf:)

*Qualifier index; Connexion only

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Two-letter code used as slash qualifier
(mf or nm)

Or

Three-letter code used with index label and punctuation
(mic or nmc)

 mf: Microform:
Fixed field element Form = a b c
Or
007 a = h

Not microform:
Form code = anything except a b c
Or
007 a = anything except h
  • Available for searching only and only in Connexion.
  • To limit search to records in microform format only, type
    /mf or mf:mic.
  • To exclude records in microform format, type
    /nm or mf:nmc

Examples:

ti=tale of two cities/mf

ti=tale of two cities/nm/1990

Note: To achieve similar results in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing, use an expert search and qualify using material type, Microform:
ti=tale of two cities and mt:mic


Musical composition (mc: or mc=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word mc: 006/01-02 if 006/00 is c d i j

Comp (008/18-19) if Type (Leader/06) is c d i j

047 a
  • Available for searching only.
  • Use coded values* available for fixed field element Comp/Form of composition.

Example:

To find Ballads from 1990 on

Type mc:bd and yr:1990-

In FirstSearch/Resource Sharing, you can also use the full term:
mc:ballads and yr:1990-

Phrase mc=
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Use terms* available for fixed field element Comp/Form of composition.

Example:
mc=chants other and yr:1940-4


*See OCLC Bibliographic Formats and Standards for a list of codes and terms. The musical composition codes listed by IAML are also valid. See www.iaml.info/activities/cataloguing/unimarc/forms. OCLC will implement the IAML codes in the index in late 2008.

Musical incipit (mi=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Phrase mi= 031 p

  • Available only for browsing and only in Connexion.

  • Use the initial sequence of notes (10 to 12) of a musical composition, represented by established notation schemes that employ ordinary ASCII symbols.
  • In the notation, retain all characters, including punctuation, special characters, etc.

    Note: 031 ‡2 in the record contains the code for the notation scheme used.

Example:
sca mi='2B4B8BB/4G8GxF4FF/4xA8AA4.At8B/4B
This incipit is encoded using the Plaine & Easie Code (‡2 pe)


NAL class number (ag:)

NAL = National Agricultural Library

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number ag: 070 a
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Enter all numbers and letters
  • Include periods
  • Omit all other punctuation
  • Omit spaces

Example:

To find aQK981.45

Type ag:aqk981.45


NAL subject (ha: or ha= or haw=)

NAL = National Agricultural Library

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word ha: The following 6xx fields if indicator 2 = 3:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:
ha:corn
ha=corn industry

haw=corn middle west

Phrase ha=
Whole phrase haw=

Name (au: or au= or auw=)

Index called Author for searching WorldCat in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing; formerly called Author in Connexion.

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word au:

100 a-d j q u
110 a-e n u
111 a c d e n q u
245 c
505 r
508 a
511 a
550 a
700 a-d j q u
710 a-e n
711 a c d e n q
720 a
770 a
773 a
780 a
785 a
787 a
800 a-d q u
810 a-e n
811 a c d e n q
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.

Example:

au:sagan

Phrase au=

100 a-d j q
110 a-d n
111 a c d e n q
700 a-d j q
710 a-d n
711 a c d e n q
720 a
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches.
  • Retaining first comma is optional.

Example:

au=sagan, carl

Or

au=sagan carl

For word and phrase indexes (au: and au=): This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.
Whole phrase auw=

100 a-d j q
110 a-d g n
111 a c d e g n q
700 a-d j q
710 a-d g n (d g n only if left of first subfield k or t)

711 a c d e g n q (g n only if left of first subfield k or t)
800 a-d j q
810 a-d g n (d g n only if left of first subfield k or t)
811 a c d e g n q (g n only if left of first subfield k or t)
  • Available for searching and browsing in Connexion only; not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches.
  • Retain first comma and hyphens in dates.

Example:

auw=sagan, carl 1934-


NLM class number (lm: or lm=)

NLM = National Library of Medicine (U. S.)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word lm:

060 a b
096 a b
699 a b if indicator 2 = 2
  • Available for searching or browsing.
  • Indexes subfield a only.
  • Enter all numbers and letters.
  • Include periods.
  • Omit all other punctuation.
  • Omit spaces.

Example:

lm:hq1381

Phrase lm=
  • Available for searching or browsing.
  • Indexes subfields a and b together.
  • Enter all numbers and letters.
  • Include periods.
  • Omit all other punctuation.
  • Include spaces.

Example:

lm=hq 1381 c524w 1976


Notes (nt:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word nt:

500 a
501 a
502 a
504 a
505 a r t
506 a f
508 a
511 a
518 a
520 a b
521 a
533 a b c d e f n
534 a t
536 a-h
538 a
545 a
550 a
753 a b c
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example:

nt:letterpress


OCLC control number (no:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number no:

001
019 a
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • For full syntax search, enter with index label and punctuation.
    Or
    Precede with an asterisk (*) or the number sign (#).

    Note: Use * or # only if the OCLC number is the first element of a full syntax search.

Example:

no:10998406 or *10998406 or #10998406


Other subject (ho: or ho= or how=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word ho: The following 6xx fields if indicator 2 = 7:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z

In word index only, also indexes subfield 2 of fields listed above, if present.
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

ho:stars

ho=supergiant stars

how=united states national aeronautics and space administration

how=launch vehicles and ho:nasat

Phrase ho=
Whole phrase how=

Personal name (pn: or pn= or pnw=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word pn:

100 a-d j q u
700 a-d j q u
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.

Examples:

pn:shamu

pn:brooks and yr:1949

Phrase pn= 100 a-d j q
700 a-d j q
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches.
  • For phrase and whole phrase, retain first comma if it is not the last element of a subfield.

Examples:

pn=sitting bull

pn=brooks, gwendolyn

pnw=brooks, gwendolyn 1917-

Whole phrase pnw=
For all three versions of this index (pn: and pn= and pnw=): This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Personal name subject (na: or na= or naw=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word na:

600 a-d j q
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • For phrase and whole phrase, retain first comma if it is not the last element of a subfield.

Examples:

na:conrad and yr:1990

na=conrad, joseph and yr:1990

naw=conrad, joseph 1857-1924 and yr:1990

Phrase na=
Whole phrase naw=
For the word and phrase versions of this index (na: and na=): This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Publisher (pb: or pb=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word pb:

260 b f
261 a b e
262 b
533 c
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.

Examples:

pb:vintage and yr:1950-5

pb=vintage books and yr:1950-5

Phrase pb=

Publisher location (pl:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word pl:

260 a e
261 f
262 a
533 b
752 a-d
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.

Example:

pl:stockholm


Publisher number (mn: or mn=) (mu: or mu=)

Formerly called music publisher number.

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number mn:
(Connexion)

mu:
(FirstSearch/Resource Sharing)

028 a
262 c
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Enter all letters and numbers.
  • Omit punctuation.
  • Include spaces only in number phrase searches.
  • Indexes separately:
    • Numbers in multiple 028 ‡a's in same record and multiple numbers in a single 028 ‡a that are separated by comma and space.
    • Each number in a range. Entering one number in the range retrieves records containing the number by itself in a separate 028 ‡a or as part of a range in a single 028 ‡a.
    • Number(s) in parentheses following a number.

Examples:

To find CO 1979-AB5-1

In Connexion, type mn:co1979ab51

or mn=co 1979ab51

Or
In FirstSearch/Resource Sharing, type mu:co1979ab51 or mu=co 1979ab51

To find a number within range LPX 12334–12338, type any number in the range.
For example, in Connexion, type mn:lpx12336

Or
In FirstSearch/Resource Sharing, type mu:lpx12336

To find D3S 744 (MS 6872--MS 6874), type any of the numbers.
For example, in Connexion, type

mn:ms6873 or mn=d3s 744

Or
In FirstSearch/Resource Sharing, type

mu:ms6873 or mu=d3s 744

Number phrase mn=
(Connexion)

mu=
(FirstSearch/Resource Sharing)

Report number (rn:)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number rn:

027 a z
088 a z
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Enter all letters and numbers.
  • Omit punctuation.
  • Omit spaces.

Example:
rn:nasasp2005-4710


RVM subject (hr: or hr= or hrw=)

RVM = Repertoire des vedettes-matiére (Library Archives of Canada French subject headings)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word hr: The following 6xx fields if indicator 2 = 6:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • Retain first comma in name, if the comma is not the last element of a subfield.
  • Retain hyphens in dates.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

hr:liaisons

hr=liaisons dangereuses

hrw=laclos, choderlos de 1741-1803 liaisons dangereuses

Phrase hr=
Whole phrase hrw=

Sears subject (hs: or hs= or hsw=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word hs: The following 6xx fields if indicator 2 = 8:

600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
654 a b v x-z
655 a b v x-z
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

hs:aids

hs=aids and devices

hsw=teaching aids and devices

Phrase hs=
Whole phrase hsw=

Series (se: or se= or sew=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word se:

440 a n p v x
490 a v x
533 f
534 f
760 a s t x y
762 a s t x y
800 a-e g k m-t v
810 a-e g k m-p r-t v
811 a c-e g k n p s t v
830 a d f g k m-p r-t v
  • Available for searching and browsing; whole phrase index not available in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

se:fairies

se=rainbow magic

sew=rainbow magic the jewel fairies

Phrase se=
Whole phrase sew=

Standard number (sn: or sn=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Number sn:
and
sn=

010 a b z
016 a z
020 a z
022 a y z
024 a z
027 a z
028 a
030 a z
037 a
088 a
262 c
440 x
490 x
534 x z
700 x
710 x
711 x
730 x
760 x-z
762 x-z
770 r u x-z
773 u x-z
776 x-z
780 x-z
785 x-z
  • Available only for searching in Connexion; sn: is available for searching and browsing in FirstSearch/Resource Sharing.
  • Enter all letters and numbers.
  • Omit punctuation.
  • Omit spaces.
  • ISBN and ISSN numbers are indexed up to the first parenthesis only.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Example:

To search for ISBN 0720500478

Type sn:0720500478


Subject (su: or su=) (suw= or sa=)

Search by Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and examples
Word su: 600 a-e g j k m-t v x-z
610 a-e g k m-p r-t v x-z
611 a c-e g k n p q t v x-z
630 a d k m-p r-t v x-z
648 a v x-z
650 a b v x-z
651 a v x-z
653 a
654 a b v x y z
655 a b v x-z
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • Retain first comma in name, if the comma is not the last element of a subfield.
  • This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.

Examples:

su:horror and yr:1990 and mt:rec

su=french language and su:instruction and yr:1990

suw=french language self instruction and yr:1990 (Connexion)
Or
sa=french language self instruction and yr:1990 (FirstSearch/Resource Sharing)

suw=english language textbooks for foreign speakers chinese and yr:1990 (Connexion)
Phrase su=
Whole phrase suw=
(Connexion)

sa=
(FirstSearch/Resource Sharing)

Title (ti: or ti= or tiw=)

Search by ... Label Fields and subfields indexed Guidelines and/or examples
Word ti:

031 d t
100 t
110 t
111 t
130 a d f g k m-p r-t
210 a
214 a
222 a b
240 a d f g k m-p r s
242 a b n p
243 a d f g k m-p r s
245 a b f g k n p
246 a b n p
247 a b n p
440 a n p
490 a
505 t
700 g k m-p r-t
710 d g k m-p r-t
711 g k n p s t
730 a d f g k m-p r-t
740 a n p
770 a s t
773 p s t
780 s t
785 s t
787 s t
800 g k m-p r-t
810 d g k m-p r-t
811 g k n p s t
830 a d f g k m-p r-t v
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches. Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, Hebrew, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Tamil, and Thai scripts are currently supported.
  • If you type more than one word, the system searches for any incidence of any of the words anywhere in an indexed title field (spaces act as and).

Examples:

ti:existentialism and mt:bks and yr:1900-55

ti:"mr and mrs" and yr:2000

Phrase ti=

031 d t
130 a d f g k m-p r-t
222 a b
240 a d f g k m-p r s
245 a b f g k n p
246 a b n p
505 t
730 a d f g k m-p r-t
740 a n p
  • Available for searching and browsing.
  • Supports non-Latin script searches.
  • Omit initial articles.
  • Indexes title alone, title and subtitle together, and subtitle alone.

Example:

ti=canterbury tales

ti=canterbury tales composd for the entertainment*

ti=composed for the entertainment*

For the word and phrase versions of this index (ti: and ti=): This index includes more fields that are only found in institution records (IRs). See IR indexing information.
Whole phrase tiw=

031 d t
130 a d f-h k-p r-t

222 a b

240 a d f-h k-p r s

245 a f g k n p

246 a b n p

440 a n p

700 f-h k-p r-t

710 d f-h k-p r-t (d g n only if to the right of first subfield k or t)

711 f-h k l n p s t (g n only if to the right of first subfield k or t)

730 a d f-h k-p r-t

740 a h n p

800 f-h k-p r-t v

810 d f-h k-p r-t v (d g n only if to the right of first subfield k or t)

811 f-h