This chapter has guidelines for materials and cataloging practices that present unique problems to online catalogers.
3.1 Theses and Dissertations
Most theses and dissertations are unpublished items made available through copies.
There are two types of electronic theses and dissertations. Those that exist as digital originals and those that are scanned versions of paper originals.
Digital originals should be treated as published items and cataloged as original electronic publications. For more information, see
Cataloging Electronic Resources. Scanned versions of paper originals are considered unpublished items and should be cataloged according to the guidelines below.
Guidelines
Use the following for theses and dissertations:
Most microforms of theses, such as those from University Microfilms (UMI), are reproductions of unpublished copies of theses. Catalog them as such.
Use BKS format (
Type code t–Manuscript language material) for book-like theses, VIS format for theses in an audiovisual medium, REC format for recorded theses, etc. Use
Type code d (Manuscript music) for Score theses and
Type code f (Manuscript cartographic material) for Map theses.
Use code xx in
Ctry for both original and reproduced theses.
For all reproduced theses, code
DtSt for the original.
Omit place and publisher in
field 260 (Publication, Distribution, Etc. [Imprint]) per AACR2, rule 4.4.
Omit series statements in 4xx per AACR2, rule 4.6.
Omit added entries for advisors, the institution, made-up thesis collection or series titles in fields 246, 700–740 and 8xx. Use the 79x fields for these kinds of added entries.
Enter a thesis note in
field 502 (Dissertation Note).
If you are cataloging a copy from a commercial producer and a record exists for another copy in the same medium (photocopy or microform) from the same producer, use the existing record, even if the date of reproduction differs. Since such theses are copies, cataloging rules allow the dates to vary from earlier copies. In such cases, if date information would be the only change, do not create a new record.
Optional. If you describe a reproduced thesis in
field 533 (Reproduction Note), you may enter a
Ctry code for the place of reproduction in
field 539 (Fixed-Length Data Elements of Reproduction Note) subfield ‡d (Place of publication, production or execution). You may also enter date information for the reproduced thesis in
field 539 subfields ‡a, ‡b and ‡c. Such information is based on the data in
field 533. See
field 539 for more information.
Example
100
1
Cheung, Alexandre Tat-man.
245
1
0
Idol fool in Corinth : ‡ b an examination of Paul's approach in light of its background in ancient Judaism and legacy in early Christianity / ‡c Alexandre Tat-Man Cheung.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 262-296) and abstract.
533
Photocopy. ‡ b Ann Arbor, Mich. : ‡ c University Microfilms, ‡ d 1995. ‡ e 20 cm.
539
s ‡ b 1995 ‡ d miu ‡ e n
3.2 Reproductions and Original Microform Publications
LC policy
The Library of Congress follows Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, first edition (AACR1) for descriptions of electronic, microform and "on demand" photocopy reproductions of previously existing materials. The principles of AACR1, described in LCRIs for AACR2, chapter 11, state that you should base the bibliographic description on the original publication and place data relating to the reproduction in a secondary position.
LC applies AACR2 for the form of the description of the original and for choice and form of access points (headings). You should follow LC policy.
Library and Archives Canada policy
Library and Archives Canada (NLC) serial records follow AACR2 for microform reproductions. See chapter 4, "
When to Input a New Record," for more information.
OCLC policy
Follow LC policy when cataloging electronic, microform and "on demand" photocopy reproductions (e.g., those issued by ERIC, NTIS, etc.). Emphasize the original item and describe the reproduction in a note. Follow AACR2 rules for the form and content of the description of the original and for choice and form of entry.
Do not create a new record if you retrieve a record with fixed fields coded for the reproduction (in Ctry, Dates, etc.). Instead, locally edit the record to code the fixed field elements for the original item. Differences in form (e.g., microfilm vs. microfiche), publisher, or series justify a new record. See chapter 4,
533 Reproduction Note. Note: To have the master record corrected, see chapter 5,
Reporting Errors.
Use the GMD "microform" for microform reproductions.
245
‡h [microform]
Use the GMD "electronic resource" for electronic reproductions of works previously published in print form.
245
‡h [electronic resource]
Do not use a GMD for photocopies.
Coding the fixed field for reproductions
Code microform and macroform reproductions cataloged according to LCRIs for AACR2, chapter 11.
Searching with date qualifier
If you search using a date qualifier, you may want to search using both the original date and the date of reproduction because records can be coded with either. Database conversions have corrected many, but not all, records coded with previous practices.
Guidelines
Code electronic, microform and macroform reproduction fixed-field elements, except
Form, for the original item described in the body of the entry, not for the reproduction, which you describe in
field 533.
Code the fixed-field element
Form for the type of reproduction described in
field 533. Use a workform appropriate for the original work.
Element
Guidelines for Reproductions and Original Microform Publications
Type
Code for the original work: a Language material, printed or microform c Music, printed or microform d Music, manuscript e Map, printed or microform f Map, manuscript, including microform g Projected media i Sound recording, nonmusical j Sound recording, musical k Two dimensional nonprojectable graphic representations m Computer file o Kits p Mixed material r Three-dimensional artifacts and naturally occurring objects t Language material, manuscript, including microform
BLvl
Use the
BLvl code appropriate to the original. a Monographic component part b Serial component part c Collection d Subunit m Monograph/Item s Serial
Form
Code for the appropriate form of reproduction. None of the following a Microfilm b Microfiche c Microopaque d Large print f Braille r Regular print reproduction s Electronic
Ctry
Code for the country of the publisher, producer or executor of the original found in
field 260 (Publication, Distribution Etc. [Imprint]) subfield ‡a (Place of publication, distribution, etc.).
Orig
Continuing resources. Code for the original.
Freq
Continuing resources. Code for the original.
Regl
Continuing resources. Code for the original.
DtSt
Books, visual materials, manuscripts, maps, sound recordings, scores. Code for the original.
Continuing resources. Code for the publication status of the original.
Desc
Code a for new cataloging.
Dates
Books, visual materials, single manuscripts, maps, sound recordings, scores. Enter date(s) of original.
Manuscript collections. Enter date of earliest piece of the original in DATE 1. Enter date of latest piece of the original in DATE 2.
Continuing resources. Enter beginning date of the original in DATE 1. Enter ending date of the original in DATE 2.
006
Use field 006 for the electronic aspects of electronic reproductions.
007
For preservation activities using microfilm, code ‡i (Generation) for bibliographic records that describe preservation masters ("first generation masters" or "printing masters").
Code for preservation masters that describe service copies if the institution creating the bibliographic record was also responsible for the filming. In these cases, you may input multiple 007 fields. The first 007 field should describe the version that is described in the physical description.
Use additional 007 fields to describe any first generation masters or printing masters.
For electronic reproductions of works previously published in print form, use the Computer File 007 field to describe the reproduction.
020
Books, visual materials, maps, scores. If an ISBN is assigned to the microform reproduction, enter the ISBN in
field 020 (International Standard Book Number) subfield ‡a (ISBN). Do not enter an ISBN assigned to the original. You may enter the original ISBN in field 776 $z.
022
Serials. Enter the ISSN assigned to the original serial.
1xx
Enter a main entry heading (AACR2, chapters 21–25 ) for choice and form of heading. Search the OCLC Authority File to verify the form of entry.
222
Serials. Enter the key title assigned to the original serial.
245
Enter the title of the original transcribed (AACR2, chapters 1–12), appropriate to the original publication.
260
Enter the publication information of the original transcribed (AACR2, chapters 1–12), appropriate to the original publication.
300
Enter the physical description of the original (AACR2, chapters 1–12), appropriate to the original publication. Do not enter the size if it cannot be determined.
533
Enter a note describing the reproduction after all notes that pertain to the original. Begin the note with the appropriate term ("Microfilm," "Microfiche," "Photocopy," "Printout," "Electronic Reproduction," etc.). Include the following, as applicable: ‡a Type of reproduction ‡b Place of publication ‡c Agency responsible for reproduction ‡d Date of reproduction ‡e Physical description of reproduction ‡f Series statement for reproduction ‡n Note about reproduction (Optional)
539
Enter a note for the coded information pertaining to the reproduction described in
field 533 (Reproduction Note). Enter the note after
field 533. Include the following, as applicable: ‡a Type of date/Publication status ‡b Date 1/Beginning date of publication ‡c Date 2/Ending date of publication ‡d Place of publication, production or execution ‡e Frequency ‡f Regularity ‡g Form of item (Optional)
776
Enter a note to link the reproduction to the original: ‡c Qualifying information ‡x Original ISSN ‡z Original ISBN ‡w Record Control number
856
Enter information about electronic location and access (URL) for electronic reproductions.
LC links bibliographic records for microform reproductions of monographs to records for the corresponding hardcopy originals.
LC adds
field 776 (Additional Physical Form Entry) to records representing microform reproductions. Field 776 consists of subfield ‡c (Qualifying information) with "Original" and subfield ‡w (Record control number) with the MARC Organization Code in parentheses followed by the control number of the record for the hardcopy original.
776
1
‡c Original ‡w (DLC) 20000001
The preceding example shows a link for a microform reproduction of The Toll of the Sands, LCCN 20-1. Do not use a similar linking field on the record for the hardcopy original to connect it with its microform reproductions.
To record the LCCN of the original item when cataloging a microform reproduction, include such data in
field 776.
776
1
‡c Original ‡w (DLC) 20000009 ‡w (OCoLC) 5593943
United States Newspaper Program cataloging practice
United States Newspaper Program (USNP) participants catalog the original paper version of a newspaper and attach union list local data records to the master record for all formats (e.g., microform, paper, paper reprints, reproductions). The Newspaper Cataloging and Union Listing Manual, CONSER/USNP Edition, describes USNP cataloging guidelines. It is available from the Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service.
Government Printing Office cataloging practice
The U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) sometimes has the original, microform and electronic versions available. GPO catalogs the original (paper), sends microform to some depository libraries, and makes electronic versions available on government web sites.
The bibliographic record represents cataloging for the original but may contain item numbers for microform, electronic and the original in separate 074 fields. A note concerning availability in microform and/or electronic versions may appear in
field 530.
You may enter a separate record for a government document if it is in a medium different from that in the GPO record. You may use the GPO record, but it would not accurately reflect what your library holds. See
field 074 for more information.
Original microform publications
If you are cataloging an original microform publication, follow AACR2 exclusively. Use the appropriate workform to describe the item (AACR2, chapter 11).
Catalog items that are microreproductions of material prepared or assembled specifically for bringing out an original edition in microform (AACR2, chapter 11). For example, catalog a microform collection that reproduces previously existing material, but has not itself existed previously as a bibliographic entity, according to chapter 11.
3.3 Technical Reports
Definition
According to ANSI Z39.23 (1983),
. . . a technical report is a document that gives the result of research or developmental investigations, or both, or other technical studies. . . A technical report is initially submitted to the person or body for which the investigation was carried out or by which it was sponsored. Copies of it may subsequently be made available in limited quantities. . . , but these copies are not produced commercially and are not available from booksellers or other commercial sources. . . . Technical reports are usually published irregularly, either in series or as separate monographs. Technical reports are not typeset but are reproduced from typescript by near-print processes, and they are usually concerned with only one specific subject or with a few closely related subjects.
Guidelines
Use the following optional guidelines for selected fixed-field elements and variable fields when cataloging a technical report:
Element
Guidelines for Technical Reports
Cont
Code t (Technical reports).
DtSt
Code e (Detailed date).
Dates
Enter a detailed date in the form yyyy,mmdd.
027
Use for the Standard Technical Report Number (STRN).
037
Use subfields ‡f (Form of issue) and ‡c (Terms of availability) primarily for technical reports.
088
Use for nonstandard report numbers.
x00
Use subfield ‡u (Affiliation) for the affiliation or address of the personal name.
x10
Use subfield ‡u for the affiliation or address of the corporate name.
x11
Use subfield ‡u for the affiliation or address of the conference name.
504
Use subfield ‡b (Number of references) to record the number of references.
513
Use for the type of report and period covered note.
536
Use for funding information notes.
580
Use for notes explaining complex relationships not easily handled in 765-787 fields.
650
Use first indicator values 0, 1 and 2 to distinguish between primary and secondary descriptors.
653
Use for subject added entries and uncontrolled headings.
765–787
Use for linking entry fields.
3.4 "In" Analytics
Definition
If a separate bibliographic record is necessary for a component, you may prepare an "in" analytic entry. A component is a bibliographic unit that is physically contained in another bibliographic unit (host item) in such a way that the host item must be identified to locate the component (e.g., one article in a serial, one chapter or paper in a book or one track on a sound recording).
Do not use "in" analytic cataloging conventions for offprints, reprints or detached copies.
Guidelines
Use the following guidelines:
Element
Guidelines for "In" Analytics
BLvl
Code for the component (e.g., a for monograph, b for serial).
Ctry
If country information is available in
field 773 (Host Item Entry) subfield ‡d (Place, publisher and date of publication), code accordingly. Otherwise, code Ctry as unknown (xx).
Dates
Use date in
field 773 subfields ‡d or ‡g (Relationship information) as appropriate.
018
Use for copyright article-fee code.
260
Do not use field 260.
300
For records coded AACR2 (Desc: a) paging should appear in
field 300 ‡a and not in
field 773.
580
Use for linking entry complexity notes.
773
Use for host item entries.
In the case of host items that are serial or multi-volume in nature, information in subfield ‡g is necessary to point to the exact location of the component part within the bibliographic item.
Example: Host item is a serial
773
0
‡t California journal. ‡g Vol. 24, pt. B, no. 9 (Sept. 1993) ‡w (DLC) 68066801 ‡w (OCoLC)22384
Example: Host item is a monograph
100
1
Glasscock, Jane.
245
1
0
Research on customer requirements for transit service design and delivery / ‡c Jane Glasscock.
300
p. 121-127 : ‡ b ill. ; ‡ c 28 cm.
504
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127).
650
0
Local transit. ‡ z Washington (State). : ‡ z Seattle Metropolitan Area ‡ x Evaluation.
773
0
‡7 nnas ‡ t Transportation research record ‡ g No. 1604 (1997) ‡ w (OCoLC) 1259379
3.5 Offprints and Detached Copies
Guidelines
Use the following guidelines for offprints and detached copies:
If a separate bibliographic record is needed for an offprint or detached copy, catalog the item as a separate bibliographic item. Do not use "In" analytic cataloging conventions for offprints, reprints or detached copies.
Use AACR2 rule 2.5B6 to record pagination. In a
field 500 note, indicate the relationship to the larger work. Begin the note with "Offprint:" or "Detached from:" as appropriate.
If the larger work is a serial, use the title in AACR2 catalog entry form, followed by the numeric and/or alphabetic designation (preceded by a period). If appropriate, use the chronological designation enclosed in parentheses.
If the item is detached from another monograph, follow AACR2 rule 1.7A3 in citing the source. Under the provision of rule 21.30G, added entries may be made for the larger work.
Examples
100
1
Smiraglia, Richard P., ‡d 1952-
245
1
0
Music in the OCLC online union catalog : ‡b a review / ‡c by Richard P. Smiraglia and Arsen R. Papakhian.
260
[Philadelphia] : ‡b Music Library Association, ‡c c1981.
Use the following guidelines for cataloging supplementary items. You may catalog supplementary items independently (i.e., in a separate record) or dependently (i.e., in the record for the main item).
If cataloging independently, include the LC card number and the OCLC number of the main item, if available, in the appropriate 7xx linking entry field.
Use the publication pattern to determine whether the supplementary item should be cataloged as a monograph or a serial. Monographs have a finite number of parts. Serials are intended to continue indefinitely.
Treat items with monograph title page (or equivalent) as monographs.
Treat subsequent parts that update the item, have different titles and are issued indefinitely as serials.
Relate any separate bibliographic record for supplements to the record for the main work (parent) via the appropriate added entry or serial linking field.
Do not create records for the updates to loose-leaf publications.
Optional. Create a record for both the main work and its supplement. Such records are not duplicates.
Optional. Catalog supplements to loose-leaf publications that are cataloged as serials separately as another serial in a separate record, particularly if the supplement has a separate title.
If cataloging dependently, i.e., on the same records as the main item, add 006 fields to reflect fixed-field coding of the supplementary items, especially if it is in a different format.
3.7 Locally Made Videorecordings
Types of videorecording
This section discusses three types of locally made videorecordings.
Type of recording
Example
Locally produced videorecordings
University lectures, class projects, local historical events and theses and dissertations in video form
Locally reproduced videorecordings
Video copies of motion pictures, other videorecordings or other audiovisual media made with permission of the producer or distributor
Off-air recordings
Licensed copies of television broadcasts
Scope of guidelines
The guidelines below apply to all local video reproduction media, including videotape, videodisc, streaming video, electronic video files, etc.
Locally produced videorecordings
Use the following guidelines:
Treat locally produced videorecordings as unpublished materials. They may exist as either unique copies or as a small number of copies for limited distribution.
Transcribe title and statement of responsibility information (
field 245) from the piece.
If the videorecording lacks a title, supply one (AACR2, rule 7.1B2).
The Publication, Distribution, etc. area (
field 260) should have only the date of recording in subfield ‡c, unless the date already appears in
field 245.
Locally reproduced videorecordings
Treat locally reproduced videorecordings as copies by adding information to an existing record or by inputting a new record.
Adding information to an existing record. Add a local note (
field 590) indicating the existence of a copy to the record of the original item. Describe it briefly (e.g., Motion picture noncirculating, videocassette (VHS) available for loan).
If a record exists for the reproduced copy in the same physical format (e.g., VHS videocassette or 1/2 in. videoreel), use that record even if the dates of the copies differ. Edit the record to reflect those differences.
Guidelines
Use the following guidelines:
Transcribe the title, statement of responsibility and publication information from the original.
For tangible video reproductions, including videotape and videodisc, use the General Material Designation 'videorecording' in
field 245 subfield ‡h.
For remote and other electronic video reproductions, including streaming video and video files, use the GMD 'electronic resource.'
For tangible video reproductions, including videotape and videodisc, enter the physical description in
field 300. For remotely accessed video reproductions, including streaming video, the use of
field 300 is optional (see AACR2 rules 9.5A1b, 9.5B3, and 9.5C3).
Enter necessary notes related to the intellectual content, cast and credits.
Enter a note indicating the original format (e.g., Originally issued as super 8 mm. film cartridge).
Enter a note that gives the recording date and indicates that the copy was made with permission.
Use the country of producer (from
Ctry) of the original.
Use the information from the copy for other fixed-field elements and
field 300.
For a video copy of another videorecording, use code r (Reprint/reissue date and original date) in
DtSt.
For a video copy of a motion picture or other audiovisual medium, use code p (Date of distribution/release/issue and date of production/recording session when different) in
DtSt.
Use the date of the copy in DATE 1. Use the date of the original in DATE 2.
Off-air recordings
Treat all off-air recordings as unpublished materials. Broadcasting does not constitute publication.
If a record exists for a commercially available video version of a television program, you may edit that record for local use. Or, you may input a new record.
Guidelines
If you input a new record, use the following guidelines:
Transcribe the title and statement of responsibility information (
field 245) from the title and credits of the existing record.
Enter only the year of the recording in
field 260 subfield ‡c (Date of publication, distribution, etc.).
Enter data in
field 300 (Physical Description) that reflects the copy.
Enter a note indicating that the copy was made under license and a note for the name of the television station that broadcast the program.
Code the fixed field and field 007 for the copy.
If a record exists for an off-air copy in the same physical format (e.g., VHS videocassette or 1/2 in. videoreel) as the piece in hand, use that record, even if the date of the copy and the name of the television station that broadcast the program differ. Edit the record to reflect those differences.
More information
If the copy is retained by your institution, making an unlicensed copy of a television broadcast may be an infringement of copyright law.
See the U. S. Copyright Office Circular 21, "Reproductions of Copyrighted Works by Educators and Librarians at
www.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ21.pdf, section "Guidelines for off-air recording of broadcast programming for educational purposes".
3.8 Copy- or Institution-Specific Notes and Added Entries
Notes and added entries
You may supply copy-specific or institution-specific notes and added entries for rare and special-collections materials. However, do not create new records because single master records can have such information for more than one copy or institution.
Master records for published materials represent all copies of a work, the "universal description" of the item. MARC 21 defines subfield ‡5 (Institution to which field applies) for use in notes and added entries that do not apply to the universal description. Usually, only rare and special-collections materials are candidates for fields containing subfield ‡5.
Use subfield ‡5 in fields
246,
500,
501,
506,
526,
540,
541,
561,
562,
583,
584,
585,
655,
700,
710,
711,
730,
740, and
851 to identify the institution to which the copy- or institution-specific notes and added entries apply (by MARC Organization Code, formerly called NUC Code).
Accessibility/ usefulness
Consider the usefulness of the information in accessing and identifying the item versus the likelihood that the record will be used in copy-cataloging or found by others who will not need your copy- or institution-specific notes and added entries.
Unpublished items and collections
Do not include subfield ‡5 in master records for unpublished items and collections. Such notes and added entries do apply to the universal description, since they are single items.
Items not owned
Do not include subfield ‡5 in master records for works that you do not own. It is difficult to confirm the validity of the information, even if the information is from LC printed copy.
Local interest only
If the copy- or institution-specific note or added entry is of local interest only and you want to include the information for your local processing, use the appropriate
590,
599,
790,
791,
792 or
793 field. These fields are not retained in master records. Subfield ‡5 is also valid in fields
790,
791,
792, and
793.
Guidelines for entering subfield ‡5
If you add subfield ‡5, use the following guidelines:
Do not include terminal punctuation as part of ‡5. Terminal punctuation should be included in the subfield immediately preceeding ‡5.
Use
field 501 ("With" Note) with subfield ‡5 for "with" notes for items bound together after publication.
Use
field 710 (Added Entry–Corporate Name) with subfield ‡5 for an added entry for the name of a special collection.
Examples of subfield ‡5
500
Fine Arts Library's copy has bookplate of the Benedictine Monastery in Grafschaft; inscribed by Thomas Jefferson. ‡5 NbDU-F
700
1
0
Jefferson Thomas, ‡d 1743-1826 ‡e former owner. ‡5 NbDU-F
710
2
0
Grafschaft (Monastery), ‡e former owner. ‡5 NbDU-F
500
Fine Arts Library's copy with: Index librorvm prohibitorvm. Antverpiae, 1570. Edition with 108 p. Bound together after publication. ‡5 NbDU-F
730
0
2
Index librorum prohibitorum. ‡f 1570. ‡5 NbDU-F
500
Fine Arts Library's copy has ms. notes by author on end papers. ‡5 NbDU-F
3.9 Electronic Resources
Definition
An electronic resource is a manifestation of a work encoded for manipulation by computer. The manifestation resides in a carrier accessed either directly or remotely. Some electronic resources may require use of a peripheral device attached to a computer (for example, a CD-ROM player). This definition does not include electronic resources that do not require the use of a computer, for example, music compact discs and videodiscs.
Type of Record
In
Type, use code m (Computer file) only for the following general classes of electronic resources:
For these classes, if there is a significant aspect that causes it to fall into another
Type category, code for that significant aspect. For instance, code the item as language material, graphic material, cartographic material, sound recording, music or moving image if that is the significant aspect. In case of doubt or if the most significant aspect cannot be determined, consider the item a computer file.
Example: A copy of Homer's Iliad available via the Internet.
Since the item is basically textual,
Type is coded a (Language material). The electronic aspect is secondary.
Form of Item
When cataloging an electronic resource that has a Type code other than m, use code s in
Form for electronic resource.
Separate records vs. single records
Creating separate records for an item is preferable when both remote and directly tangible (non-remote) versions exist.
If you are cataloging a remote item, however, you need not verify the physical existence of the non-remote version or whether it has been cataloged. Similarly, when you catalog a non-remote item, you need not verify whether a remote version exists.
In both cases, you may catalog the item as if no other version exists. Apply the input convention in "Cataloging Electronic Resources: OCLC-MARC Coding Guidelines" at
www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/cataloging/electronicresources/ if you have verification that remote and non-remote versions exist and you want to record the existence of both.
Monograph vs. serial
Apply the current AACR2 definitions of monograph and serial to electronic resources. Treat as serials (
BLvl codes s–Serial or b–Component, serial) only those indeterminate works issued in separate, designated parts. The parts may constitute an issue or, in some cases, an individual article.Applying the current AACR2 definitions may result in different formats receiving different cataloging treatments. For example, a print copy of an annual directory is cataloged as a serial. As an electronic file that is continuously updated, however, it is cataloged as a monograph.
The following electronic resources are always treated as monographs:
In 2003, OCLC policy changed to allow for parallel records within WorldCat by language of cataloging. As part of OCLC becoming the leading global library cooperative, it has long been envisioned that WorldCat would need a parallel record structure to display records by language of cataloging. This policy allowing parallel records anticipates the future implementation of WorldCat's relational database capabilities.
Definition for language of descriptive cataloging
Language of descriptive cataloging is coded in
field 040 (Cataloging Source), subfield ‡b (Language of cataloging) of the OCLC-MARC bibliographic record. If subfield ‡b is not present in a bibliographic record within WorldCat, the language of descriptive cataloging is assumed to be English.
Subfield ‡b is in records created by libraries for which English is not the language of the cataloging agency. The language is indicated by a three-letter language code. See the MARC Code List for Languages at
http://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/langhome.html for a list of these codes.
Examples
040
LGP ‡b cze ‡c LGP
040
FLD ‡b fre ‡c FLD
The language of descriptive cataloging (
field 040 subfield ‡b) is not to be confused with the language of the item, which is recorded in the fixed-field element Lang (Language Code) of the OCLC-MARC bibliographic record.
Example
Lang:
spa
Description of policy change
Previously, records for the same title, but cataloged in different languages, such as English, Spanish and French, were considered duplicate records.
OCLC no longer consider these records duplicates, but considers them parallel records.
Note: Only one record per language of descriptive cataloging is allowed for each manifestation of a title.
Basis for creating parallel records
When searching within WorldCat, if the matching record is cataloged in a language other than that used by the inputting library, the library may enter a parallel record in its language of descriptive cataloging. When using an existing record for copy cataloging, however, do not change the language of cataloging if upgrading the Master Record unless the code in
field 040 subfield ‡b (language of cataloging) does not reflect the language of the record. Vendor records are an exception to this. See the section "Exception for vendor records" below for more information.
Examples
A library with Spanish as the language of cataloging, that finds only an English record in WorldCat, may enter a Spanish language record.
A library with English as the language of cataloging, that finds only an Italian record in WorldCat, may enter an English language record.
Use of field 936
In order for records to be clearly marked as parallel records, libraries inputting records online who have identified their record as parallel to an existing record cataloged in another language are asked to add
field 936 to link the records. Addition of a
936 field, a locally defined OCLC field, will allow OCLC to group parallel records entered into WorldCat easily once the Oracle display solution is implemented.
When entering a
936 field to indicate existence of a parallel record, use blank indicator values. Enter the OCLC control number of the parallel record in subfield ‡a preceded by the uppercase letters PR and a space.
If you identify more than one parallel record (such as records in both Spanish and French, with your new record in English), you may enter the OCLC numbers for all the parallel records that you identify, with spaces between them. However, OCLC does not require entry of more than one parallel record number in the
936 field.
Examples
One parallel record identified:
936
PR 51191950
Two parallel records identified:
936
PR 45570484 45825482
Updating of the existing WorldCat record with a similar linking field is not necessary.
Examples
These are OCLC numbers of WorldCat records with a
936 field indicating a parallel record.
45825482
61000000
Exception for vendor records
Libraries are encouraged to upgrade vendor records contributed in non-English languages instead of considering them parallel records. Vendor records may be identified by the presence of
field 938 (Vendor-Specific Ordering Data) and the presence of a vendor symbol in subfield ‡c (Transcribing agency) of
field 040. See the Vendor Record Contribution Program Participants List for a current list of vendors and their symbols. The List is available on the web:
http://www.oclc.org/partnerships/material/contribution/technical/default.htm.
Libraries may change the language of vendor records to the language of the upgrading library when upgrading vendor records to full level. Libraries receive a credit for upgrading minimal level records. Once a vendor record has been upgraded, the upgrading library symbol appears in subfield ‡d (Modifying agency) of
field 040.
Note: For an example of a vendor record that has been upgraded with language of descriptive cataloging changed to English, see OCLC #41873570.
3.11 Guidelines for Integrating Resources
Type code
Continue to assign the Type code appropriate to the most significant aspect of the resource. For example, assign Type code a for language material.
For language material integrating resources (Typea, BLvli), code the fixed field elements as follows:
DtSt: For integrating resources that are currently published, use code c (rather than the former practice of code m). For integrating resources that have ceased publication, use code d (rather than the former practice of code m).
Form: For electronic integrating resources, continue to use code s in Form.
Freq and Regl: If the integrating resource is truly "continuously updated" (for instance, a constantly updating database, a newspaper's Web site that gets updated as news occurs, etc.), use the Frequency Code k, which means "the item is updated more frequently than daily;" in that case, the correct Regularity code is likely to be r for Regular. More commonly, when the resource is updated less frequently than daily and none of the other Frequency codes apply, use blank () for Frequency and x for Regularity.
S/L: Use code 2 to indicate that the record was formulated using the revised rules for integrated entry.
SrTp: Use code d for updating databases, code l for updating loose-leafs, or code w for updating Web sites, as appropriate.
Electronic integrating resources
For electronic integrating resources, continue to include a computer file 006 and a computer file 007 field. For a language material integrating resource, the typical computer file 006 and 007 fields will be coded as follows
in
Librarians' Toolbox:
