Under what circumstances is notation 327.12093-327.12099, "Espionage and subversion ... treatment by specific continents, countries, localities" used? The note says "Do not use for espionage and subversion by specific nations; class in 327.123-327.129." So, when do I use 327.12093-327.12099 and when do I prefer 327.123-327.129?

327.12093-327.12099 is used for espionage in a given place. 327.123-327.129 is for espionage by a given place. For example, 327.120973 is for espionage committed in the United States regardless of who committed it. 327.1273 is espionage committed by the United States regardless of where it was committed.

In other words, do not take the preposition 'by,' literally as in "treatment by specific continents, countries, localities." This standard phrase throughout the DDC is used to demarcate the standard subdivision --093-099 that denotes treatment of a topic/subject/discipline in a specific geographic location.

Last revised: 09 January 2004