Definition | The medium of performance for a musical musical composition, in coded form. Use field 048 for: - Arrangements for specific instrumentation
- Chamber music
- Choral works with or without soloists
- Music for a specified large ensemble
- Solo instrumental music
- Songs with specified accompaniment
Do not use field 048 for: - Collections of miscellaneous instrumentation
- Folk music
- Folk songs
- Hymns and liturgical chants
- Musical comedies
- Operas and other large vocal works with unspecified instrumentation
- School songbooks without specified instrumentation
- Sound recordings of popular music
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Guidelines | Use the following guidelines. |
| | - Arrangements are coded for the medium of the work being described, not for the original medium.
- Codes are recorded in score order, soloists first.
If a performer plays more than one instrument in a composition, code for the principal instrument if that can be determined. Code for the first instrument, if it cannot. If in doubt, use the more specific code. For example, use code vh for high voice only if the score is not more specific. Use code vn for a narrator or speaker. If the item has monologues with music (Orchestra), enter: Use unspecified codes if the composition has been prepared without specific instrumentation. If the item is a sextet for woodwinds, enter: Use unknown codes if you cannot determine the instrumentation. | Performers or ensembles, subfield ‡a | Data in 048 | | String quartet | | | Sonata for clarinet and piano | | | Piano trio | | | Large orchestra | | | String orchestra music | | | Chorus | | | Chorus (SAB) | | | Two choruses | | | Two four-part choruses | | | Chorus (SA) and organ | | | Dance orchestra (trumpets, saxophones, violins, clarinets, etc.), using scored arrangements | | | Jazz ensemble (unspecified instrumentation) with named vocalist | | | Concerto grosso for oboes and strings | | | Concerto grosso for two oboes and string orchestra | | | O'Bryant's Washboard Band (clarinet, piano, washboard) | | | Jazz septet (piano, trumpet, drums, banjo, clarinet, trombone, and bass) | | 048 | | | ka01 ‡a bb01 ‡a pd01 ‡a tz01 ‡a wc01 ‡a bd01 ‡a sd01 | | | Songs for soprano and piano and for tenor and piano | | 048 | | | va01 ‡a ka01 | | 048 | | | vd01 ‡a ka01 | |
| Accompanied soloists, subfield ‡b | Data in 048 | | Soloists (SSATBB), chorus (SATB), and string orchestra | | 048 | | | ‡b va02 ‡b vc01 ‡b vd01 ‡b vf02 ‡a ca04 ‡a oc | | | Concerto for flute with the orchestra arranged for piano | | | Concerto for piano with the orchestra arranged for piano | | | Solo for English horn with string quartet accompaniment | | 048 | | | ‡b wf01 ‡a sa02 ‡a sb01 ‡a sc01 | | | Concerto for guitar and orchestra | | | Solo for bassoon accompanied by string orchestra and harp | | 048 | | | ‡b wd01 ‡a oc ‡a ta01 | |
| Code a solo instrument that is not accompanied as a performer ( ‡a ), not as a soloist ( ‡b ). | | Violoncello solo | | | Solo for piano or organ | | | Solo for saxophone or viola | | | Song for soprano and piano | | | Piano four hands | | | Two piano music | | | Duet for trumpet (or horn) and trombone (or baritone) | | 048 | | | bb01 ‡a bd01 | | 048 | | | ba01 ‡a bd01 | | 048 | | | bb01 ‡a bf01 | | 048 | | | ba01 ‡a bf01 | |
| If it is clear that the featured soloist is the only soloist on the selection, code the soloist in subfield ‡b . | | "Chicago" featuring Coleman Hawkins, only soloist, with the Ramblers | | 048 | | | ‡b wi01 ‡a bb02 ‡a bd01 ‡a ka01 ‡a wi01 ‡a pd01 | | | Blind Lemon Jefferson, blues singer, accompanying himself on the guitar | | | Featured trumpet and alto saxophone solos with large jazz ensemble | | 048 | | | ‡b bb01 ‡b wi01 ‡a oe | |
| Since continuo indicates either one or two instruments, do not enter the number of parts, unless the number is specified. | | Sonata for oboe and continuo | | | Sonata for bassoon and two unspecified continuo parts | | | Trio-sonata for two violins and continuo, with continuo specified for harpsichord and cello | |
| When coding the medium of performance for percussion music, whether for a single performer or more than one, code for the number of performers, rather than for the number of parts or instruments: | | Percussion ensemble for drums, cymbals, triangle, gong, and timpani for three players | |
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1st Indicator | Undefined. The 1st indicator position is undefined and contains a blank (  ). |
| | | | Undefined | |
2nd Indicator | Source of code. |
| | | | MARC code. The source of the code is the MARC Instruments or Voice code list. | |
| | | 7 | Source specified in subfield ‡2 . The source of the code is indicated by a code in subfield ‡2. | |
Subfields | |
| ‡a Performer or ensemble | An alphabetic code for a performer or ensemble and, if applicable, a two-digit number specifying the number of parts (except, code for the number of performers in the case of percussion). |
| ‡b Soloist | Use if the soloist is accompanied. Use codes below to specify the instruments or voices. Enter multiple codes (for multiple instruments or voices) in the order in which the instruments or voices occur in the score. After each code, enter a two-digit number indicating the number of parts, not the number of performers (except, code for the number of performers in the case of percussion). If the number of parts is unknown, enter only the code for the instrument or voice. |
| | | Brass | | ba | Horn | | bb | Trumpet | | bc | Cornet | | bd | Trombone | | be | Tuba | | bf | Baritone | | bn | Brass, unspecified | | bo | Other (obsolete; use bz) | | bu | Brass, unknown | | by | Brass, ethnic | | bz | Brass, other |
| Choruses | | ca | Mixed | | cb | Women's | | cc | Men's | | cd | Children's | | cn | Choruses, unspecified | | cu | Choruses, unknown | | cy | Choruses, ethnic | | cz | Unspecified (obsolete; use cn) |
| Electronic | | ea | Synthesizer | | eb | Tape | | ec | Computer | | ed | Ondes Martenot | | en | Electronic, unspecified | | eo | Other (obsolete; use ez) | | eu | Electronic, unknown | | ez | Electronic, other |
| Keyboard | | ka | Piano | | kb | Organ | | kc | Harpsichord | | kd | Clavichord | | ke | Continuo | | kf | Celeste | | kn | Keyboard, unspecified | | ko | Other (obsolete; use kz) | | ku | Keyboard, unknown | | ky | Keyboard, ethnic | | kz | Keyboard, other |
| Larger ensemble | | oa | Full orchestra | | ob | Chamber orchestra | | oc | String orchestra | | od | Band | | oe | Dance orchestra | | of | Brass band | | on | Larger ensemble, unspecified | | oo | Other (obsolete; use oz) | | ou | Larger ensemble, unknown | | oy | Larger ensemble, ethnic | | oz | Larger ensemble, other |
| Percussion | | pa | Timpani | | pb | Xylophone | | pc | Marimba | | pd | Drum | | pn | Percussion, unspecified | | po | Other (obsolete; use pz) | | pu | Percussion, unknown | | py | Percussion, ethnic | | pz | Percussion, other |
| Strings, bowed | | sa | Violin | | sb | Viola | | sc | Violoncello | | sd | Double bass | | se | Viol | | sf | Viola d'amore | | sg | Viola da gamba | | sn | Strings, bowed, unspecified | | so | Other (obsolete; use sz) | | su | Strings, bowed, unknown | | sy | Strings, bowed, ethnic | | sz | Strings, bowed, other (includes hurdygurdy) |
| Strings, plucked | | ta | Harp | | tb | Guitar | | tc | Lute | | td | Mandolin | | tn | Strings, plucked, unspecified | | to | Other (obsolete; use tz) | | tu | Strings, plucked, unknown | | ty | Strings, plucked, ethnnic | | tz | Strings, plucked, other |
| Voices | | va | Soprano | | vb | Mezzo soprano | | vc | Alto | | vd | Tenor | | ve | Baritone | | vf | Bass | | vg | Counter tenor | | vh | High voice | | vi | Medium voice | | vj | Low voice | | vn | Voices, unspecified (includes narrators, speakers) | | vu | Voices, unknown | | vy | Voices, ethnic | | vz | Unspecified (obsolete; use vn) |
| Woodwinds | | wa | Flute | | wb | Oboe | | wc | Clarinet | | wd | Bassoon | | we | Piccolo | | wf | English horn | | wg | Bass clarinet | | wh | Recorder | | wi | Saxophone | | wn | Woodwinds, unspecified | | wo | Other (obsolete; use wz) | | wu | Woodwinds, unknown | | wy | Woodwinds, ethnic | | wz | Woodwinds, other |
| Unspecified | | zn | Unspecified instruments | | zu | Unknown | | zz | Unspecified (obsolete; use zn) |
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| ‡2 Source of code | The source of the instruments or voice code. See MARC Code Lists for Relators, Sources, Description Conventions ( http://lcweb.loc.gov/marc/relators). |
| | Use code iamlmp to indicate a code from the list of mediums of performance maintained by the International Association of Music Libraries: http://www.iaml.info/en/activities/cataloguing/unimarc/medium. |
Printing | Field 048 does not print. |
