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亞洲太平洋地區 (Chinese Traditional) 變更

Upgrading of cataloging-in-publication (CIP) records

Download the OCLC CIP Record Upgrade Project Specifications
(Microsoft Word; 28K)

CIP records are bibliographic data created pre-publication by the Library of Congress in the United States and by national cataloging agencies in other countries. Those records are supplied to publishers for printing in the book and are also loaded into WorldCat. Because physical description and other elements required in a complete cataloging record are not available prior to publication and the title or other elements may be different when the book is published, all CIP records require upgrading for accuracy and completeness.

Drastically reducing the number of CIP records

OCLC established a CIP upgrade program in 1995 in response to requests from users of PromptCat. Libraries desire full-level records through this offline cataloging record service when possible to minimize handling by their staff. When the PromptCat service began, nearly half of the records delivered were CIP records. Since the establishment of the CIP program, less than 10 percent of records that arrive are CIP.

OCLC established the CIP upgrade program to save libraries time and make cataloging more efficient. Before this program, routine CIP upgrading within WorldCat by anyone other than the Library of Congress was nonexistent. Each library needed to upgrade the record each time a CIP book was received.

Who can perform upgrading?

Now, any user of OCLC cataloging products with Full or higher authorization can add 300 field data as database enrichment. Regular participants in the Enhance program can also edit the entire record except for the Encoding Level, which can be changed only by Enhance participants at the National level. OCLC member libraries with National level Enhance authorization may upgrade the master record to make it a full-level record.

OCLC continues to load Library of Congress upgrades as soon as they are available. Once a record is upgraded, the libraries that eventually receive the book are free of the upgrading burden.

Additional program components

To supplement member upgrading, OCLC's CIP upgrade program consists of two distinct components. In November 1995, OCLC undertook the first component by starting a CIP Upgrade Unit at Academic Book Center in Portland, Oregon. Academic Book Center became a Blackwell company in 1999, and Academic Book Center's operations merged with Blackwell's Book Services in late 2003. In January 2004, the OCLC CIP Upgrade Unit relocated to Blackwell's Book Services warehouse in Blackwood, New Jersey. When Blackwell's receives new books from publishers, one copy is sent to the OCLC unit. Within two working days, OCLC staff search those titles in WorldCat and permanently upgrade any records that are coded as Level 8. Both LC and UK MARC CIP records are upgraded with book in hand.

The second component involves contributions from other library material vendors. YBP Library Services, Ingram Library Services, and Quality Books submit batches of their LC CIP upgrades to OCLC. OCLC loads these upgrades within one working day of receiving the files. Additionally, BWI (Book Wholesalers Inc.) and Blackwell's Book Services UK work online to upgrade CIP records.

The numbers

Between the OCLC CIP Upgrade Unit and contributions from library material vendors, more than 242,000 records were upgraded between November 1995 and August 2003. Approximately 34,000 records per year are currently being upgraded. With LC producing between 50,000 and 60,000 CIP records per year, OCLC's upgrade program is currently providing upgrades for more than half the LC records.

For additional information, see OCLC's CIP Record Upgrade Project Specifications.