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WorldCat support Documentation OCLC Authorities User Guide Comments? Abstract & revision notesAbout this Guide 1 Introduction 2 Accessing the OCLC Authority File 3 Authority Record Displays 4 Phrase Searching 5 Numeric Searching

6 Keyword Searching (OCLC Connexion only)

6.1 Overview of Keyword Searching 6.2 Constructing Keyword Searches (Connexion Browser) 6.3 Constructing Keyword Searches (Connexion Client) 6.4 Keyword Index Labels 6.5 Rules for Keyword Searches 6.6 Overview of Command Line Searching (Connexion Browser) 6.7 Constructing Command Line Searches 6.8 Command Line Index Labels 6.9 Rules for Command Line Keyword Searches 6.10 Error Messages/Revising Searches 6.11 Search Results (Summary) 6.12 Reviewing Search History 7 Derived Search Key Searching 8 Viewing Search Results 9 Editing Authority Records 10 Using Save Files 11 Creating and Using Constant Data 12 Exporting Authority Records 13 Creating and Updating OCLC Authority File Records (NACO Only) A Passport Commands B Types of Records and Displays C OCLC Authority Record Format D Indexed Fields and Subfields E Change Requests Authorities Glossary

6 Keyword and Command Line Searching in OCLC Connexion

Chapter overview

This chapter describes keyword and command line searching using the OCLC Connexion^TM interfaces. Keyword and command line searching are available in the OCLC® interfaces as shown below:

	Keyword		Command Line
Interface	Yes	No	Yes	No
OCLC ConnexionTM browser
OCLC ConnexionTM client

6.1 Overview of Keyword Searching

Definition

Keyword searching allows you to use ordinary language to:

• Search a single index using multiple terms
• Search multiple indexes simultaneously

The Search screen contains five text boxes. You may use one or more words in each box for keyword search. Be sure to select the correct index for word(s) you enter.

Keyword searching is available only in OCLC Connexion™.

Access points, indexes, and index labels

The system indexes certain types of information (e.g., personal names, corporate names, control numbers, subjects) in authority records. Each type of indexed information is an access point. Each access point has an index label.

An index label indicates within which index you want the system to search. The system selects the corresponding index and matches your text against the index entries to retrieve matching record(s).

For a record to be retrieved by a keyword AND search, it must contain all the search terms specified.

Search results

The results of a keyword search may be either a list of brief entries or a single authority record.

The different forms of results are described more fully in chapter 8, Viewing Search Results.

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6.2 Constructing Keyword Searches (Connexion Browser)

To construct a keyword search you must perform these steps:

• For each search term you want to use:

  • Enter one or more keywords.
  • Specify the index to be searched.
• Define the logical relationships between/among keywords.
• Identify the search as a keyword search.
• Signal the system to perform the search.

The order in which you perform these steps varies depending upon whether you are using the mouse or the keyboard.

Single term

To search for a single term, use the Keyword Search area of the Search Authorities screen. Use of the Keyword Search area identifies this as a keyword search in the Connexion browser interface.

	Action
1	Click Authorities or press < Alt >< A >. Result: The Search Authorities screen is displayed.
2	Type one or more keywords in the Search for box.
3	Click the down arrow to open the index list. Select the index you want to search. Or Press < Tab > until the index list is highlighted. Use the keys to highlight the index you want to search.
4	Do you want to include See and See also references in the search results list? If Yes: Check the corresponding check box. Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No: Uncheck the corresponding check box (if currently checked). Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
5	Do you want to keep this search in the for box for subsequent searches? If Yes: Check the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No Uncheck the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
6	Click Search or press < Tab > until Search is highlighted, then< Enter >. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

Note: Since Personal Names is automatically highlighted as the first index label in the list, if you type a personal name as your initial search you can press < Enter > immediately.

Multiple term

To combine multiple terms in a search in Connexion browser:

	Action
1	Click Authorities or press < Alt >< A >. Result: The Search Authorities screen is displayed.
2	Enter a one or more keywords the Search for box.
3	Click the down arrow to open the index list. Select the index you want to search. Or Press < Tab > until the index list is highlighted. Use the keys to highlight the index you want to search.
4	Specify the logical relationship between the terms as AND, OR, or NOT  using the list to the left of the second and subsequent text boxes.
5	Enter a second keyword or phrase in the next box, and select its index label from the list.
6	Do you want to include See and See also references in the search results list? If Yes: Check the corresponding check box. Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No: Uncheck the corresponding check box (if currently checked). Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
7	Do you want to keep this search in the for box for subsequent searches? If Yes: Check the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No Uncheck the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
8	Click Search or press < Tab > until Search is highlighted, then< Enter >. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

Example 1: This search is limited to all works by Mark Twain that include Finn in the title. Results include records for or related to the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn only.

Example 2: This search retrieves all works by Mark Twain except those that include Finn in the title. Results include everything except the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Example 3: This search is limited to all works by Mark Twain that include FinnorSawyer in the title. Results include records for or related to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer as well as those for or related to the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

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6.3 Constructing Keyword Searches (Connexion Client)

To construct a keyword search you must perform these steps:

• For each search term you want to use:

  • Enter one or more keywords.
  • Specify the index to be searched.
• Define the logical relationships between/among keywords.
• Identify the search as a keyword search.
• Signal the system to perform the search.

The order in which you perform these steps varies depending upon whether you are using the mouse or the keyboard.

Single term

To search for a single term, use the Search Authority File dialog box. Use of the Search Authority File rather than the Browse Authority File dialog box identifies this as a keyword search in the Connexion client interface.

	Action
1	On the Authorities menu, click Search, then click Authority File. Or On the toolbar, click Or Press < Shift >< F2 >. Result: The Search Authority File dialog box opens.
2	Type one or more keywords in the Search for box.
3	Click the down arrow to open the index list. Select the index you want to search. Or Press < Tab > until the index list is highlighted. Use the keys to highlight the index you want to search.
4	Do you want to keep this search in the for box for subsequent searches? If Yes: Check the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No Uncheck the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
5	Click OK or press < Enter >. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

Multiple term

To combine multiple terms in a search in Connexion browser:

	Action
1	On the Authorities menu, click Search, then click Authority File. Or On the toolbar, click Or Press < Shift >< F2 >. Result: The Search Authority File dialog box opens.
2	Enter a keyword or phrase in the Search for box.
3	Click the down arrow to open the index list. Select the index you want to search. Or Press < Tab > until the index list is highlighted. Use the keys to highlight the index you want to search.
4	Specify the logical relationship between the terms as AND, OR, or NOT  using the list to the left of the second and subsequent text boxes.
5	Enter a second keyword or phrase in the next box, and select its index label from the list.
6	Do you want to keep this search for subsequent searches? If Yes: Check the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No: Uncheck the Retain Search box. Or Press < Tab > until Retain Search is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
7	Click OK or press < Enter >. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

Example 1: This search is limited to all works by Mark Twain that include Finn in the title. Results include records for or related to the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn only.

Example 2: This search retrieves all works by Mark Twain except those that include Finn in the title. Results include everything except the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Example 3: This search is limited to all works by Mark Twain that include FinnorSawyer in the title. Results include records for or related to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer as well as those for or related to the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

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6.4 Keyword Index Labels

The following tables show index labels that are used with OCLC Connexion keyword searches.

Access Point	Index Label
Personal names	Personal Names
Corporate Names	Corporate Names
Conferences	Conference Names
Titles	Titles
Subjects (topical)	Topicals
Places	Geographic Names
Children's subjects	Children's Subjects
Library of Congress Authority Record Control Number	LCCN
LIbrary of Congress subject headings	LCSH
OCLC Authority Record Number	OCLC ARN
Reference Headings	Reference Headings
Subdivision headings	Subdivision headings

The following table shows keyword search examples for all index labels.

Examples:
Access Point	Index Label
Personal names	Personal Names    hemingway ernest
Corporate Names	Corporate Names    world wildlife fund
Conferences	Conference Names    oxford farming conference
Titles	Titles    king lear
Subjects (topical)	Topicals    cubism
Places	Geographic Names    pittsburgh pa
Children's subjects	Children's Subjects    best friends
Library of Congress Authority Record Control Number	LCCN    79-117152    2001-000044
LIbrary of Congress subject headings	LCSH    calico cats
OCLC Authority Record Number	OCLC ARN    5047232
Reference headings	Reference Headings    timetables
Subdivision headings	Subdivision Headings    history and criticism

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6.5 Rules for Keyword Searches

Prepositions and articles

Omit all prepositions and articles. A multilingual list of initial articles to omit is available on the OCLC Web site at: < http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/searching/userguide/ >.

Example: midsummer night's dream (for title A Midsummer Night's Dream)

Phrases

When using multiple keywords, the spaces between the words are treated as and operators.

Example: The following two searches are equivalent:

Search 1:	Enter tale two cities in the same Search for box and select Titles
Search 2:	Enter tale in one box and select Title Enter two in the next box and select Title Enter cities in the next box and select Title

Search using variant terms

Truncation.

To search for the first part of a word, including variant endings, use the asterisk (*). Enter as many characters as you know, then enter an asterisk.

Example 1: compu* (as a topical) retrieves subject headings including:

• computer security standards
• multilingual computing
• computus ecclesiasticus (Church calendar)
• computational linguistics

Example 2: reyk* (as a geographic) retrieves subject headings including:

• Reykjanes Ridge
• Gutto Riot, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1932
• Læknafélag Reykjavikur
• Reykjavik (Iceland)

Character masking (wildcards).

Use wildcards ? and # to expand a word to include variant spellings, when you know only the first part of a word, or when you are unsure of the correct spelling for part of a word.

Question Mark.  The question mark (?) retrieves variants of 0 or more characters.

Examples: col?r retrieves headings containing both color and colour int?net retrieves headings containing both internet and intranet                      b?nd retrieves headings containing bind, blind and bound.

Number Sign.  The number sign (#) retrieves variants of exactly one character.

Example: wom#n retrieves headings containing both woman and women.                    b#nd retrieves headings containing bend, bind and bond.

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6.6 Overview of Command Line Searching (Connexion Browser)

Definition

Command line searching provides the ability to enter a phrase search from the Connexion browser Search Authority File without changing to the Browse Authority File screen.

Access points, indexes, and index labels

The system indexes certain types of information (e.g., personal names, corporate names, control numbers, subjects) in authority records. Each type of indexed information is an access point. Each access point has an index label.

An index label indicates within which index you want the system to search. The system selects the corresponding index and matches your text against the index entries to retrieve matching record(s).

For a record to be retrieved by a search using the Boolean operator AND, it must contain all the search terms specified.

Search results

Command line keyword.  The result of a command line keyword search may be either a list of brief entries or a single authority record.

Command line phrase search.  The result of a command line phrase search is an initial list called a Browse Results list, which may lead to a list or brief entries or to a single authority record.

The different forms of results are described more fully in chapter 8, Viewing Search Results.

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6.7 Constructing Command Line Searches

To construct command line searches:

• For each search term you want to use:

  • Enter one or more keywords.
  • Specify the index to be searched.
• Define the logical relationships between/among keywords.
• Identify the search as a keyword search.
• Signal the system to perform the search.

Single term keyword

To search for a single keyword, use the Command Line Search area of the Search Authorities screen. Use of the Command Line Search area identifies this as a keyword search in the Connexion browser interface.

	Action
1	Click Authorities or press < Alt >< A >. Result: The Search Authorities screen is displayed.
2	In the Search for box of the Command Line Search area, enter: An index label followed by a colon and an optional space Your keyword Example:pn: twain, mark
3	Do you want to include See and See also references in the search results list? If Yes: Check the corresponding check box. Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No: Uncheck the corresponding check box (if currently checked). Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
4	Click Search or press < Tab > until Search is highlighted, then< Enter >. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

Multiple term keyword

To search using multiple keywords, use the Command Line Search area of the Search Authorities screen. Use of the Command Line Search area identifies this as a keyword search in the Connexion browser interface.

	Action
1	Click Authorities or press < Alt >< A >. Result: The Search Authorities screen is displayed.
2	In the Search for box of the Command Line Search area, enter: Your first index label followed by a colon and an optional space Your keyword Example:pn: twain, mark
3	Enter one of: and, or, not.
4	Enter: Your next index label followed by a colon and an optional space Your next keyword
5	Continue adding Boolean operators (and, or, not) and keywords until your search is complete
6	Do you want to include See and See also references in the search results list? If Yes: Check the corresponding check box. Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >. If No: Uncheck the corresponding check box (if currently checked). Or Press < Tab > until the corresponding check box is highlighted, then press < Space Bar >.
7	Click Search or press < Tab > until Search is highlighted, then< Enter >. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

Example 1: This search is limited to all works by Mark Twain that include Finn in the title. Results include records for or related to the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn only.

You enter: pn:twain and ti:finn

Example 2: This search retrieves all works by Mark Twain except those that include Finn in the title. Results include everything except the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

You enter: pn:twain not ti:finn

Example 3: This search is limited to all works by Mark Twain that include FinnorSawyer in the title. Results include records for or related to the Adventures of Tom Sawyer as well as those for or related to the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

You enter: pn:twain and ti:finn or ti:sawyer

Phrase search

Entering a command line phrase search requires the Scan command (sca) as well as an index label and search term(s). Note the following:

• You cannot use Boolean operators (and, or, not) in phrase searching.

• The Show See Reference... and Show See Also References... check boxes do not operate in a command line phrase search.

	Action
1	Click Authorities or press < Alt >< A >. Result: The Search Authorities screen is displayed.
2	In the Search for box of the Command Line Search area, enter: sca followed by a space An index label followed by a colon and an optional space Your search term(s) Example:sca pn: hemingway, ernest
3	Click Search or press < Tab > until Search is highlighted, then< Enter >. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

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6.8 Command Line Index Labels

This table shows the index labels used in command line phrase searches. Note that some access points that are valid for OCLC Connexion are not available in CatME or Passport.

Access Point	Command Line Phrase Search Index Label
Personal names	pn
Corporations	co
Conferences	cn
Titles	ti
Subjects (topical)	su
Genre	ge*
Subdivision headings	sb
Children's subjects	sc

* Although MARC 21 has established tags 155/455/555 as genre form headings, LC has yet to establish any genre/form terms for the OCLC index label ge.

This table shows phrase search examples for Command Line index labels.

Access Point	Command Line Phrase Search   example
Personal names	pn   sca pn: hemingway, ernest
Corporations	co   sca co: world wildlife fund
Conferences	cn   sca cn: oxford farming conference
Places	[no index label exists for this access point in this interface]*
Titles	ti   sca ti: king lear
Subjects (topical)	su   sca su: cubism
Subdivision Headings	sb   sca sb: anatomy
Children's Subjects	sc   sca sb: best friends

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6.9 Rules for Command Line Keyword Searches

The general rules apply to all types of phrase searches. Specific rules for subjects, personal, corporate and conference names, and titles follow the general rules.

General rules

You can enter up to 128 characters in a phrase, but you do not need to enter the entire phrase.

Because phrase searching is based on a character-by-character match, search techniques such as truncation, character masking (wildcards) and Boolean operators cannot be used.

Characters included

• Standard Roman letters a–z (either lower- or uppercase)
• Numerals 0–9
• Roman numerals
• Blank spaces between words
• Parentheses
• Special symbols: #  &  ♭

Characters excluded

• Tags
• Indicators
• Subfield delimiters
• Subfield codes

Characters substituted

Use the substitute instead of the character.

Character	Substitute
Superscript 0123456789( )	corresponding standard character
Subscript 0123456789( )	corresponding standard character
Superscript or subscript   + -	space
a	alpha
b	beta
g	gamma
Æ æ	ae
Œ œ	oe
Đđ (Crossed d, eth)	d
ı (Turkish i)	i
łŁ (Polish l)	l
Ø ø (Scandinavian o)	o
(Hooked o)	o
þÞ(Icelandic thorn)	th
(Hooked u)	u

Characters converted to spaces

You may include or exclude the following characters. If you exclude them, enter a space in their place. If you include them, the system converts them to a space. The system compresses multiple spaces to a single space.

• Hyphen:  -
• Symbols:  $  *  %  @  £  ®
• Punctuation: .  :  ;   ?   !
• Mathematical symbols:  +  =  <  >  +
• Slashes: /  \

Commas

Use with inverted headings from subfield a for tags 100, 150, and 151. In other situations, substitute a blank space.

Characters deleted

You may include or exclude the following characters. If you exclude them, do not enter a space in their place. If you include them, the system deletes them and closes up the space.

Special characters/diacritics
Acute	'	High comma off center
Alif		Leading space
Angstrom		Left hook
Apostrophe	'	Ligature	︠ and ︡
Ayn		Macron	¯
Braces	{ }	Miagkii znak	ʹ
Brackets	[ ]	Middle dot	·
Breve	˘	Pseudo question mark	̉
Candrabindu		Right cedilla
Cedilla	¸	Right hook
Circle below	̥	Script "el" lowercase
Circumflex	^	Superior dot	˙
Dot below	̣	Tilde	~
Double acute	˝	Trailing space
Double dot below		Tverdyi znak	ʹʹ
Double tilde	︢ ︣	Umlaut or dieresis	¨
Double underscore	‗	Underscore	_
Grave	`	Upandhmaniya
Hacek		Vertical bar	|
High comma centered

Use with inverted headings from subfield ‡a for tags 100, 150, and 151. In other situations, substitute a blank space.

Headings with parentheses

Include the parentheses in the search text.

Connexion browser command line keyword
pn: Tolkein, J R R (John Ronald Reuel)
sc: cat family (mammals)
sb: education (elementary)

Stopwords

There are no stopwords with command line keyword searches.

Initial articles

Include the initial article in your search for the following types of headings:

• Surnames
• Established headings for corporate and conference names
• Geographic names
• Cross-references for established headings
• Actual words (not articles, e.g., A stars)

Initial articles are unlikely in established headings for topical subjects, corporate and conference names, and uniform titles.

A multilingual list of initial articles to omit is available on the OCLC Web site at:
< http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/worldcat/searching/userguide/appendixa/appendixa.htm >.

Since system indexing of initial articles depends on how the heading is input, search with and without the initial article to confirm the existence of the heading.

Personal names

You can search for personal name headings from all records with LCCN prefix n, no, nr or nb and tags 100, 400, or 500. See appendix D, Indexed Fields and Subfields, for complete tag, field and subfield information.

Personal names used as subjects.  Search for personal names used as subjects using a subject search (index labels su or LCSH) if the personal name is in Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).

Example:
Name	Connexion browser command line keyword
Washington, George	su: washington, george

Heading order.  If the heading is inverted, enter the comma in your search. If the heading is in direct order, do not enter a comma.

Example:
Heading	Connexion browser command line keyword
Leopold, Aldo [one significant comma]	pn: leopold, aldo
Leopold III, King of the Belgians [no significant commas]	pn: leopold III king of the belgians
Leopold-Sharp, Lynne A. [one significant comma]	pn: leopold-sharp, lynne a
Black Elk [no significant commas]	pn: black elk

Partial date information.  Enter partial date information in the search to find a specific name.

Example:
Name	Connexion browser command line keyword
Smith, John, 1745-1820	pn: smith, john 174

Pseudonyms and other common names.  These systems gather pseudonyms and other common names by indexing tracing fields (4xx and 5xx). You can search for pseudonyms and common names using a personal name search.

Corporate names

You can search for corporate name headings from all records with LCCN prefix n, no, nr or nb and tags 110, 151, 410, 451, 510 or 551. See appendix D, Indexed Fields and Subfields, for complete tag, field and subfield information.

Corporate names used as subjects.  Search for corporate names used as subjects using a subject search (index labels su or LCSH) if the corporate name is in Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).

Example:
Name	Connexion browser command line keyword
Girl Scouts	su: girl scouts

Direct word order and parentheses.  Enter corporate names and subbodies of corporate names in direct word order. If the heading contains parentheses, include the parentheses in your search text.

Examples:
Name	Connexion browser command line keyword
United States. Dept. of Agriculture	co: united states dept of agriculture
American Bar Association	co: american bar association
Supremes (Musical group)	co: supremes (musical group)
New York (State). Legislature. Assembly	co: new york (state) legislature assembly

Geographic terms used as corporate names.  You can search for geographic terms under corporate names (jurisdictional use). The system includes root geographic terms (x51 ‡a and ‡b) as corporate names and subjects.

Examples:
Name	Connexion browser command line keyword
Great Britain Forestry Commission	co: great britain forestry commission

Earlier, later and variant corporate names.  These systems gather earlier, later, or variant corporate names by indexing tracing fields (4xx and 5xx). You can search for these names using a corporate name search.

Conference names

You can search for conference name headings from all records with LCCN prefix n, no, nr or nb and tags 111, 411, or 511. See appendix D, Indexed Fields and Subfields, for complete tag, field and subfield information.

Conference names used as subject headings.  Search for conference names used as subjects using a subject search (index labels su and LCSH) if the conference name is in Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).

Direct word order.  Enter conference names and subbodies of conference names in direct word order. If a heading contains parentheses, include the parentheses in your search text

Examples:
Name	Connexion browser command line keyword
Olympic Games (11th: 1936: Berlin, Germany)	cn: olympic games (11th 1936 berlin germany)
Oxford farming conference	cn: oxford farming conference

Earlier, later, and variant conference names.   These systems gather earlier, later, or variant conference names by indexing tracing fields (e.g., 411 or 511). You can search for earlier, later, or variant conference names using a conference name search.

Titles

You can search for title headings from all records with LCCN prefix n, no, nr or nb and tags 130, 430, or 530 and title information (subfield ‡t and following) in any other heading field (x00, x10, x11). See appendix D, Indexed Fields and Subfields, for complete tag, field and subfield information.

Titles used as subjects.   Search for titles used as subjects using a subject search (index labels su and LCSH) if the title is in Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).

Example:
Title	Connexion browser command line keyword
bible	su: bible

Direct word order.  Enter titles in direct word order. If a heading contains parentheses, include the parentheses in your search text.

Examples:
Name	Connexion browser command line keyword
Olympic Games (11th: 1936: Berlin, Germany)	olympic games (11th 1936 berlin germany)
Oxford farming conference	oxford farming conference

Series title changes.  These systems gather series title change information for title headings by indexing tracing fields (e.g., 430 or 530). You can search for series title change information using a title search.

Subjects— topical, name, title

You can search for headings from all LC subject heading records (records with LCCN prefix sh and sj), names (personal/corporate/conference), or titles used as subjects, and all topical subject headings from name authority records.

Examples:

• Fishes
• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet
• United States. Navy
• Beowulf

Inverted terms and names used as subjects.   Include the first comma in the search text.

Examples:
Connexion browser command line keyword
su: shakespeare, william
su: authors, english
su: erie, lake

Geographic terms used as subject headings.  You can locate geographic terms used as subject headings (geographical use). The system includes root geographic terms (x51 ‡a and ‡b) for both corporate and subject searches.

Note: When using OCLC Connexion, the index labels Topical Phrases and Geographic Names do not produce identical results.

Broader related subject headings.   These systems gather broader subject headings by indexing tracing fields (i.e., 550).

Subdivisions

You can search for subdivision headings from all records with LCCN prefix sh, sj, n, no, nr or nb. See appendix D, Indexed Fields and Subfields, for complete tag, field and subfield information.

Inverted terms and names.  These are not used as subdivision headings.

References

You can search for reference headings from all records with LCCN prefix sh, sj, n, no, nr or nb. See appendix D, Indexed Fields and Subfields, for complete tag, field and subfield information.

Note: CatME and Passport do not provide a separate index label for reference headings. When phrase searching for a reference heading, you must use one of index labels: pn, co, cn, su, sc, ti.

Inverted terms and names used in references.  Include the first comma in the search text.

Examples:
Connexion browser command line keyword
pn: teper, bernard
su: theology, ecclesiastical
su: persons, care of

Children's subjects

You can search for children's headings from all LC subject heading records with LCCN prefix sj. See appendix D, Indexed Fields and Subfields, for tag, field and subfield information.

Examples:

• best friends
• dogs
• galileo
• number games
• robots

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6.10 Error Messages/Revising Searches

Keyword

In keyword searching, each word in the Search for box is compared against the terms in the index you selected. An incorect search, for example, mark tqain, does not generate an error message, but the system responds that no records were found.

To revise a search in Connexion browser.  Clear the search to reenter it:

• If you notice an error before you click Search: click Clear Search or press < Tab > until the Clear Search button is highlighted, then press < Enter >.

  This clears the search terms but leaves the index label unchanged.

• If you have already clicked Search: click Search on the Authorities tab or press < Alt >< 1 >.

  The empty Search Authorities screen appears.

To revise a search in Connexion client.  Clear the search to reenter it:

• If you notice an error before you click OK: click Clear Search or press < Tab > until the Clear Search button is highlighted, then press < Enter >. This clears the text in the Search for box. Note: It does not clear the value in the in box.

• If you have already clicked OK: click this icon on the toolbar or press < Alt >< F2 >.The Browse Authority File dialog box appears.

Command line

In command line searching, the system compares the search text character-by-character against the characters of the terms in the index you selected, incorrect phrase searching generates no error messages. If you accidentally enter:

• ti:littlw women: The system responds that no records were found for your search

• sca ti:littlw women: The system places you at the closest alphabetic word or phrase

To revise a search.  Clear the search to reenter it:

• If you notice an error before you click Search: click Clear Search or press < Tab > until the Clear Search button is highlighted, then press < Enter >.This clears the search text.

• If you have already clicked Search: click Search on the Authorities tab or press < Alt >< 1 >.The Search Authorities screen appears.

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6.11 Search Results (Summary)

Keyword

After you enter a keyword search, the system displays a full authority record:

or a brief list of all records containing all index terms:

Connexion browser.

Connexion client.

Click a list item number to see its corresponding authority record.

Command line keyword

Command line keyword search results are identical to keyword search results. The system displays either a full authority record or a brief list of all records containing all index terms.

Command line phrase

After you enter a command line phrase search, the system displays a full authority record:

or a Browse Results list of all records containing all index terms:

Click a list term to see the individual records.

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6.12 Reviewing Search History

OCLC Connexion interfaces provide a way to repeat previous phrase searches without re-keying.

Connexion browser

Connexion browser does not keep search results as such but keeps track of your last ten keyword and command line searches and lets you select and repeat or modify and repeat a specific search. Connexion keeps this list across sessions.

To repeat or revise a search:

	Action
1	Do one or more searches.
2	Click Search Historyor press < Alt >< = >. Result: The OCLC Connexion Search History window opens showing your last ten searches, with your most recent search listed first. Note: To empty the list, click Clear History.
3	Locate the search you want to re-do. If you want to: Repeat the same search: Go to the next step. Modify one of the searches: Go to step 5.
4	Click Repeat for the desired search. Or Press < Tab > or < Shift >< Tab > until the search's Repeat button is highlighted, then press < Enter >. Result: The search history window closes, and Connexion performs the search and displays the results.
5	Click Revise for the search you want to modify. Or Press < Tab > or < Shift >< Tab > until the search's Revise button is highlighted, then press < Enter >. Result: The search history window closes and the corresponding area of the Search Authorities screen shows your selected search with the text in the Search for box highlighted.
6	Revise the search and click Browse. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

Note: Do not use the Back and Forward buttons for this type of navigation. See Help for details.

Connexion client

Connexion client keeps track of the last ten terms (names, topics, subject headings and numbers) that you have entered in each box in the Search Authority File dialog box.

To repeat or revise a search:

	Action
1	Click the down arrow to open the list of previous terms in a Search for, box then select a term. Or Use the keys to highlight a term then press < Enter > Result: The term appears in the Search for box.
2	Does the corresponding index match the term you selected? If Yes: Go to the next step. If No: Click the down arrow to open the index list and select the correct index.
3	Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each term you want to revise.
4	If you want to: Repeat the same search: Click OK. Modify the search: Revise the term and click OK. Result: Connexion performs the search and displays the results.

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